REPUBLIC OF KENYA Vision 2030 Development Strategy for Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands Final March 2012 © Government of the Republic of Kenya, 2012 Office of the Prime Minister Ministry of State for Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands 2 Vision statement: A secure, just and prosperous Northern Kenya and other arid lands, where people achieve their full potential and enjoy a high quality of life 1 Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................................... 3 PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 FOUNDATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................................................... 19 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................................... 19 1. INFRASTRUCTURE ........................................................................................................................................ 21 2. SECURITY, PEACE BUILDING AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................... 26 3. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT .............................................................................. 31 4. PUBLIC SECTOR REFORMS .............................................................................................................................. 35 5. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND LAND REFORMS ...................................................................................... 39 6. DROUGHT MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE ................................................................................................. 45 7. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION .......................................................................................................... 49 ECONOMIC PILLAR ............................................................................................................................................... 51 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................................... 51 1. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, HEALTH AND MARKETING .............................................................................................. 54 2. DRYLAND LIVELIHOODS (OTHER THAN LIVESTOCK) ................................................................................................ 61 3. TOURISM .................................................................................................................................................. 65 4. FINANCIAL SERVICES ..................................................................................................................................... 69 5. MANUFACTURING, MINING AND TRADE............................................................................................................. 73 6. BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING ................................................................................................................... 77 SOCIAL PILLAR ..................................................................................................................................................... 78 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................................... 78 1. EDUCATION AND TRAINING ............................................................................................................................ 79 2. HEALTH .................................................................................................................................................... 84 3. POPULATION, URBANISATION AND HOUSING ...................................................................................................... 90 4. GENDER, YOUTH AND VULNERABLE GROUPS ....................................................................................................... 94 POLITICAL PILLAR ................................................................................................................................................. 99 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................................... 99 1. GOVERNANCE AND THE RULE OF LAW ............................................................................................................. 100 2. DEVOLUTION ............................................................................................................................................ 105 3. ATTITUDINAL CHANGE ................................................................................................................................ 108 DELIVERING THE STRATEGY ............................................................................................................................... 112 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................... 112 2 Abbreviations ADC Agricultural Development Corporation AFC Agricultural Finance Corporation ALRMP Arid Lands Resource Management Project AP Administration Police ASALs Arid and Semi-Arid Lands AU African Union CBAHW Community-Based Animal Health Worker COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa EAC East African Community ERS Economic Recovery Strategy GDI Gender Development Index HDI Human Development Index HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ICTs Information and Communication Technologies IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute ILRI International Livestock Research Institute IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature KARI Kenya Agricultural Research Institute KESSP Kenya Education Sector Support Programme KIA Kenya Investment Authority MTIP Medium Term Investment Plan NEP North Eastern Province NFD Northern Frontier District NYS National Youth Service PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper SME Small and Medium Enterprises SNE Special Needs Education TIVET Technical, Industrial, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training 3 Counties of Kenya: 4 Preface National development planning must accommodate the diversity that is Kenya. Each production system has its unique potential and each community their distinct historical experience. Local and national aspirations and concerns are indivisible. Poverty, inequality and insecurity in any one part of our country diminish us all. Nearly fifty years after our Independence, inequality between the north and the rest of Kenya persists. Uneven human development undermines national cohesion and is one of the biggest obstacles to Kenya achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Equal treatment on an unequal base will simply perpetuate this inequality. New mindsets and methods, innovative strategies, and the understanding and support of all Kenyans will be required in order to release the potential of the arid and semi-arid lands and help their people enjoy the promise of Vision 2030. The purpose of this document is to set out the interventions required to bring the ASALs to the same threshold as the rest of the country. Once that has been achieved, they will require no conscious deliberation or special attention because their unique needs and circumstances will automatically be addressed within mainstream policy and development planning. That is the ultimate goal of this strategy. The region will always be different – in its ecology, livelihood, cultures, and aspirations – and that diversity will be valued and respected. But it will no longer matter. Hon. Mohamed Elmi, E.G.H., M.B.E., Hon. Wycliffe Ambetsa Oparanyah, E.G.H., M.P. M.P. MINISTER OF STATE FOR DEVELOPMENT MINISTER OF STATE FOR PLANNING, OF NORTHERN KENYA AND OTHER ARID LANDS NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT & VISION 2030 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank all those who have contributed to this document and supported its development. In particular, I thank the Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of State for Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands, Mr. Lawrence Lenayapa, and his predecessor, Ms. Mary Ngari, who between them steered this process from its inception to its conclusion. I also thank all other Permanent Secretaries for the assistance provided by their Ministries, and all stakeholders who attended the various consultation meetings and validation workshops. Finally, I thank RECONCILE, and specifically Michael Ochieng Odhiambo, Duncan Onyango, and Abdi Umar, for their technical assistance; the European Union, through the Drought Management Initiative, for their financial support; and the ASAL Secretariat, under the leadership of Prof. Kassim Farah, for coordinating the process and the final publication. Hon. Mohamed Elmi, E.G.H., M.P. Minister of State for Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands 6 Introduction The purpose of this document