Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-63267-3 — Byron in Context Edited by Clara Tuite Frontmatter More Information i BYRON IN CONTEXT George Gordon, the sixth Lord Byron (1788– 1824), was one of the most celebrated poets of the Romantic period, as well as a peer, politician and global celebrity, famed not only for his verse, but for his controversial lifestyle and involvement in the Greek War of Independence. In thirty- seven concise, accessible chapters, by leading international scholars, this volume explores the social and intertextual relationships that informed Byron’s writing; the geopolitical contexts in which he traveled, lived and worked; the cultural and philosophical movements that infl uenced changing outlooks on religion, science, modern society and sexuality; the dramatic landscape of war, confl ict and upheaval that shaped Napoleonic and post- Napoleonic Europe and Regency Britain; and the diverse cultures of reception that mark the ongoing Byron phenomenon as a living ecology in the twenty- fi rst century. Th is volume illuminates “Byron” not only in context but also as context. Clara Tuite is Professor of English at the University of Melbourne, a Co-Director of the Faculty of Arts Research Unit in Enlightenment, Romanticism and Contemporary Culture, and a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities. Her books include Romantic Austen: Sexual Politics and the Literary Canon (Cambridge University Press, 2002) and Lord Byron and Scandalous Celebrity (Cambridge University Press, 2015), which was awarded the Elma Dangerfi eld Prize of the International Association of Byron Societies. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-63267-3 — Byron in Context Edited by Clara Tuite Frontmatter More Information iii BYRON IN CONTEXT Edited by CLARA TUITE University of Melbourne © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-63267-3 — Byron in Context Edited by Clara Tuite Frontmatter More Information University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia 314-321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi - 110025, India 103 Penang Road, #05-06/07, Visioncrest Commercial, Singapore 238467 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/99781316632673 DOI: 10.1017/9781316850435 © Cambridge University Press 2020 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2020 First paperback edition 2021 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library isbn 978-1-107-18146-5 Hardback isbn 978-1-316-63267-3 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-63267-3 — Byron in Context Edited by Clara Tuite Frontmatter More Information v In memoriam Rolf P. Lessenich (1940–2019) © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-63267-3 — Byron in Context Edited by Clara Tuite Frontmatter More Information vii Contents List of Illustrations page xi Notes on Contributors xiii Chronology xxiii Abbreviations and Note on the Text xxix Introduction 1 Clara Tuite Part I Life and Works 1 Early Years 15 Jonathan Gross 2 Th e Years of Fame 23 Diego Saglia 3 Exile 31 Jane Stabler 4 Texts and Editions 38 Tom Mole 5 Byron and His Publishers 46 Mary O’Connell 6 Piracies, Fakes and Forgeries 53 G a r y D y e r Part II Political, Social and Intellectual Transformations 7 Politics 63 John Beckett 8 W a r 7 0 Neil Ramsey vii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-63267-3 — Byron in Context Edited by Clara Tuite Frontmatter More Information viii viii Contents 9 Greece’s Byron 77 Spiridoula Demetriou 10 Byron’s Italy 86 Timothy Webb 11 Orientalism 93 Gerard Cohen- Vrignaud 12 Religion 101 Christine Kenyon Jones 13 Natural Philosophy 109 Th omas H. Ford 14 Sexuality 117 Richard C. Sha 15 Libertinism 124 Adam Komisaruk 16 Fashion, Self- Fashioning and the Body 131 Laura J. George Part III Literary Cultures 17 Classicism and Neoclassicism 143 Bernard Beatty 18 Epic (and Historiography) 151 Carla Pomarè 19 Romance 159 Omar F. Miranda 20 Byron’s Lyric Practice 167 Anna Camilleri 21 Satire 175 Mark Canuel 2 2 Th e Satanic School 183 Mirka Horová 2 3 Th e Lake Poets 190 Madeleine Callaghan 24 Byron’s Accidental Muse: Robert Southey 197 Susan J. Wolfson © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-63267-3 — Byron in Context Edited by Clara Tuite Frontmatter More Information ix Contents ix 25 “Benign Ceruleans of the Second Sex!”: Byron and the Bluestockings 206 Caroline Franklin 2 6 Th e Pisan Circle and the Cockney School 214 Maria Schoina 27 Drama and Th eater 222 Rolf P. Lessenich 28 Autobiography 230 Alan Rawes 29 “Literatoor ” and Literary Th eory 238 Clara Tuite 30 Periodical Culture, the Literary Review and the Mass Media 246 Andrew Franta Part IV Reception and Afterlives 31 Contemporary Critical Reception to 1824 257 William Christie 32 Byron, Radicals and Reformers 265 Jason Goldsmith 33 European Reception 273 Peter Vassallo 34 Recollections, Conversations and Biographies 281 Julian North 35 Posthumous Reception and Reinvention to 1900 289 Eric Eisner 36 Popular Culture 297 Lindsey Eckert 37 Byron Now 305 Ghislaine McDayter Further Reading 313 Index 333 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-63267-3 — Byron in Context Edited by Clara Tuite Frontmatter More Information xi Illustrations Cover Lord Biron Dédié aux Romantiques , 1826. 58.8 × 43.2 cm, lithograph by Alphonse Léon Noë l, after drawing by Mathieu Barathier (published by the Imprimerie lithographe de Bove). National Library of Austria, Inv. Nr.: PORT-00000626_01. I.1 Th omas Phillips, Portrait of a Nobleman , 1813. 88 × 70.5 cm, oil on canvas. Newstead Abbey Collection, Nottinghamshire, inv. no. NA 532 BLDIDNA000454-1. page xxxii 9.1 Th eodoros Vryzakis, Th e Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi , 1861. 155 × 213 cm, oil on canvas. Th e National Art Gallery and Alexander Soutzos Museum, Athens, inv. no. ∏. 1298. 78 9.2 Tony Johannot pinxit, Gouttière sculpsit, Childe Harold , c . 1855. 23 × 14 cm, black and white copperplate. Demetriou Collection, Melbourne. 84 16.1 Th omas Phillips, Portrait of a Nobleman in the Dress of an Albanian , 1814, 127.5 × 102 cm, oil on canvas. UK Government Art Collection, HM Embassy, Athens. 135 34.1 “Lord Byron on His Death Bed,” engraving from William Parry, Th e Last Days of Lord Byron (London: Knight & Lacey, 1825), University of Melbourne, Baillieu Library Special Collections. 283 36.1 Lord Byron, Staff ordshire ceramic statue (n.d., probably nineteenth century). 25.1 × 9 × 9.3 cm. Eckert Collection, Florida. 303 xi © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-63267-3 — Byron in Context Edited by Clara Tuite Frontmatter More Information xiii Contributors Bernard Beatty is Senior Fellow in the School of English at the University of Liverpool, England, and Associate Fellow in the School of Divinity at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. He is the author of two books and has edited four collections of essays on Byron. He has written on Romanticism, the Bible, many major authors and aspects of literary theory. He was editor of the Byron Journal from 1986 to 2004. Recent publications have been about Shelley and the theater; Byron, Pope and Newman; Browning and Newman; Romantic decadence; Byron and Cowper; Byron’s temperament; and Byron and Italian Catholicism. Pending publications are on Byron’s “dramatic monologues”; Byron and Spain; Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage ; and a collection of selected essays, “Mainly Byron.” John Beckett is Professor of English Regional History at the University of Nottingham, England. His book Byron and Newstead: the Aristocrat and the Abbey (Associated University Presses, 2001) was awarded the International Byron Society’s Elma Dangerfi eld Award in 2003 for its contribution to the understanding of Byron and his life. He has sub- sequently worked further on Byron’s estate and fi nancial matters and more recently on his role as a member of the House of Lords before his abrupt departure abroad in 1816. John is a vice president of the Newstead Abbey Byron Society and a regular lecturer at the society’s meetings. Madeleine Callaghan is Senior Lecturer in Romantic Literature at the University of Sheffi eld, England. Her research specialty is the poetry of Wordsworth, Byron, Shelley and Yeats. Liverpool University Press published her fi rst monograph, Shelley’s Living Artistry: Th e Poetry and Drama of Percy Bysshe Shelley , in 2017. Her second monograph, Th e Poet- Hero in the Work of Byron and Shelley (2019), is published by Anthem Press. She has published various articles and chapters on Romantic and xiii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-63267-3 — Byron in Context Edited by Clara Tuite Frontmatter More Information xiv xiv Notes on Contributors post-Romantic poetry.