International Situation and Japanese strategy of X-ray astronomy Hideyo Kunieda Nagoya University Current missions 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Fermi NuSTAR NASA Chandra ESA Newton ISAS/JAXA Suzaku InFOCμS MAXI Current and ongoing missions 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Fermi NuSTAR NASA Chandra GEMS LOFT ESA e-ROSITA M-class Newton ISAS/JAXA Suzaku InFOCμS MAXI Summary of future mission New missions and their sciences ・High resoluMon spectroscopy with large area IXO to ATHENA àL2? ・Hard X-ray imaging FFASTße-ROSITA ・Wide field spectroscopy DIOS ・Polarimetry (GEMS), PolariS ・High Mme resoluMon GRAVITAS(M2) ・Wide field monitoring SAHARA X-ray Mission Concepts Study in US Calorimeter Wide Field Calorimeter So x-ray Grang Imaging Proposed missions in US+ Many X-ray missions were proposed to Cosmic Vision M-class. 6 missions were proposed to the JAXA ”Small Mission Series”. Science listed in working group Evolution of stars and Universe Baryon High temperature plasma WD, NS, SN, GRB, Missing baryon Evolution of BH from Nucleo-synthesis stellar mass to SMBH, AGN, CXB … Physics in extreme condition Non-thermal phenomena General relativity(BH,,, Plasma heating EOS at high density Acceleration of cosmic rays QED in Strong magnetic field Formation of jets Physics of accretion matter … … Proposed small missions Institut Total name PI Launch Concept Launcher ion Cost EOL 2013 HXT+FF for hard X- Osaka 80 Small FFAST Tsunemi Univ. MUSD 2016 ray survey of CXB Mission Kanaz 2014 High Z GRB obs. for HiZ-GU Small awa Yonetoku 80~90 2019 position det. NDAM Mission TIT with IR telescope 2014 4 reflection Mirror + Tokyo Small DIOS Ohashi 71 2018 TES calorimeter for Met. Mission missing baryon WHIM 2016 SD Compton Camera Tokyo Nakazaw 30 CAST 2020 for MeV observation ISS Univ. a (mission) (particle acceleration) 2012 Hard X-ray mirror + Osaka Hayashid 55 Small PolariS 2016 Thomson Scat. Univ. a (mission) Mission Polarimetry 2012 Improved MAXI WF- TIT Kawai 46 2016 Large fov ISS MAXI Riken GRB detection Strategy of Japanese X-ray groups Science with ASTRO-H High resoluMon Spectroscopy Hard X-ray Imaging Challenges with small satelite FFAST, Hiz-Gundam, DIOS, CAST, Polaris, WF-MAXI X-ray Observatory Large Area ESA-NASA-JAXA High resoluMon Internaonal X-ray Observatory/ATHENA New M-class mission (~2020) World Road Map Future plans 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Fermi NuSTAR NASA Chandra GEMS LOFT ESA e-ROSITA M-class L−1 L−2 Newton (2022) (2028) M-class Mission ISAS/JAXA Suzaku InFOCμS Small Missions MAXI FFAST/DIOS/PolariS CAST/MAXI-2/Hiz-Gundam Toward future missions New Science Japanese strategy Spectrum High-resoluMon àPhysics High sensiMvity High resoluMon Spectrometer New Technology High ResoluMon Spectroscopy ASTRO-H XRS Resonance Great leap of resoluMon Forbidden Plasma physics Li, Be, B CCD ….. Density ß Forbidden lines Intensity à Emieer size Dynamics We will be surprised by Velocity determinaon richness of High reso. spectroscopy Redshif à Distance However, we will surfer from lack of photons with ASTRO-H Thorough research of the new horizon with large collecMng area Toward future missions New Science Japanese strategy Spectrum High-resoluMon àPhysics High sensiMvity High resoluMon Spectrometer New Technology Toward future missions New Science Japanese strategy Spectrum High-resoluMon àPhysics High sensiMvity High resoluMon Spectrometer ßCryogenics New Technology X-ray OpMcs ßSupermirror telescopes M-class mission Calorimeter Large Area Internaonal Early 2020’s Toward future missions M-class mission ＜Reliable technology＞ Calorimeter （àTRL≧ 6 ?） Large Area Internaonal ◎Focal Plane Detector Early 2020’s TES calorimeter+ Mechanical cooler Large format (30x30mm) ◎X-ray Telescope Focal length of 6-7m without EOB. àIron line imaging detectors ＞＞ASTRO-H XRS(225cm2@6keV) Focal Length ６m〜 Enhance area at high energies Diameter 50à100cmΦ Effec>ve area 1000~2000 cm2 @6-8 keV Enhancement of Seff@6-7keV with supermirror 104 Focal length of 6 m 104 D=400mm D=400mm D=600mm D=800mm D=600mm D=1000mm 5000 D=800mm D=1200mm D=1000mm D=1600mm D=1200mm 5000 D=1600mm 2000 1000 Effective area [cm2] X 4 2000 500 0 2 4 6 8 10 Energy [keV] 1000 Effective area [cm2] 500 0 2 4 6 8 10 Energy [keV] Enhancement of Seff@6-7keV with supermirror Diameter of 1 m 4 104 10 FL = 5m FL FL= =5m 6m FL = 8m FL FL= =6m 10m FL FL= =8m 12m 5000 FL = 10m FL = 12m 5000 ] 2 2000 ] 2 1000 2000 Effective area [cm 500 0 2 4 6 8 10 1000 Energy [keV] Effective area [cm 500 0 2 4 6 8 10 Energy [keV] Toward future missions ＜Reliable technology＞ M-class mission （àTRL≧ 6 ?） Calorimeter Large Area ◎Focal Plane Detector Internaonal TES calorimeter+ Mechanical cooler Early 2020’s Large format (30x30mm) ◎X-ray Telescope Focal length of 6-7m without EOB. Collaboraon of 3 agencies àIron line imaging detectors To become compeve ＞＞ASTRO-H XRS(225cm2@6keV) in each agency Enhance area at high energies SPICA Solar-C Spaal ResoluMon of < 30” HPD SMff substrate One piece replica of real Wolter- World Road Map I Future plans 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Fermi NuSTAR NASA ??? Chandra GEMS ESA e-ROSITA LOFT M-3 L−2 M-class Newton (2028) M-class ISAS/JAXA Mission Suzaku World InFOCμS Road Map Small Missions MAXI FFAST/DIOS/PolariS CAST/MAXI-2/Hiz-Gundam .