Umanistica Digitale - ISSN:2532-8816 - n.6, 2019 D. Cesiri, F. C ccetta – Narrati"e descri$ti ns in Ste$%enie Me'er(s )wilig%t Saga. A c r$,s st'listics pers$ecti"e D-I: htt$:..# i.org.10.6092/issn.2532-8816.8745 Narrati"e #escri$ti ns in Ste$%enie Me'er1s )*ilig%t Saga. + c r$,s st'listics $ers$ecti"e Daniela Cesiri – Francesca C ccetta Uni"ersit2 Ca( F scari 3enezia [email protected] [email protected] +5stract. )%e $resent st,#' #ra*s n cor$,s st'listics 6c7. 8389: 819]: 8269: 820], t name a 7e*; t in"estigate t%e narrati"e st'le in Ste$%enie &e'er1s The Twilight Saga 62005- 2008). In $articular, it 7 cuses n <e'* r#s generate# ,sing Wordsmith Tools version 7 836], an# t%e =NC as a re7erence corp,s. >,alitati"e an# ?,antitati"e anal'ses s% * t%at t%e m st 7re?,ent lexical * r#s 6n ,ns, a#Aecti"es, an# "erbs; re7lect t%e *riter1s 7 cus n care7,ll' selecte# $%'sical elements 7 t%e characters. & re s$eci7icall', t%e n ,ns $re7erentiall' #en te s$eci7ic $%'sical attri5,tes 7 t%e characters, t%e a#Aecti"es $r vi#e a general #escri$ti n 7 t%e $r tag nists an# t%e setting, *%ile t%e "erbs ,se# $resent t%e acti ns 7 all t%e characters, t%eir interacti n *it% t%e t%er $r tag nists, an# t%eir $ siti n in t%e narrati"e sit,ati n. B st,#i ?,i $resentat $resenta met #i #i corp,s st'listics 6cf. 838]: 819]: 826]: 820]; $er in"estigare l stile narrati" #i Ste$%enie &e'er in The Twilight Saga 62005-2008). In $articolare l st,#i si basa ,lle <e'* r# generat #a Wordsmith Tools version 7 836] e =NC come cor$,s #i ri7eriment . +nalisi ?,antiti"e e ?,alitati"e #im stran come i termini $iC 7re?,enti ri7lettan l(attenzi ne #ell(a,t re "ers #ettagli 7isici #ei $ers naggi. In $articolare, i n mi #en tan attri5,ti 7isici, gli aggettivi caratterizzan $ers naggi e ambientazi ne, mentre i "erbi $resentan le azi ni #ei $ers naggi, la l r interazi ne e la l r coll cazi ne nella narrazi ne. Introduction1 Ste$%anie &e'ers1 Twilight Saga is regar#e# as a $ $,lar-cult,re $%en men n *%ic% %as attracte# t%e attenti n n t nl' 7 t%e me#ia 5,t als 7 t%e academic c mm,nit'. +cademics 6e.g. +nat l [1]: & re' [27]; %a"e describe# t%e t%emes 7 t%e 5 <s, identi7ie# its interte@t,al lin<s wit% t%er n "els, critici4e# &e'ers1 #e"iati n fr m t%e con"enti ns 7 t%e 3am$ire )ale, 5,t, t t%e 5est 7 t%e a,t% rs1 <n wledge, t%e' seem t %a"e neglecte# st'listic anal'ses 7 t%e 1 )%e research is t%e res,lt 7 a A int e77 rt 7 t%e t* a,t% rs. D *e"er, Francesca C ccetta *r te Secti ns 1 an# 2, *%ile Daniela Cesiri *r te Secti ns 3 t 5. 43 Umanistica Digitale - ISSN:2532-8816 - n.6, 2019 Saga fr m a ling,istic pers$ecti"e. Eet st'le, #efine# b' Leec% an# S% rt 6[22]: 9) as “t%e wa' in *%ic% lang,age is ,se# in a gi"en conte@t, 5' a gi"en $ers n, 7 r a gi"en $,r$ se, an# s nG, can c ntri5,te t t%e s,ccess of a bo < [2]. St'listics, as a branc% 7 ling,istic st,dies, a# $ts t%e t%e retical an# met% # l gical $rinci$les 7 m #ern ling,istics t anal'4e $articularl' literar' an# %ig%l' creati"e te@ts. Inter alia, st'listics aims t $in$ int a te@t1s 7eat,res *%ich disting,is% it fr m t%er te@ts as *ell as an a,t% r fr m ne r m re t%er a,t% rs. It als e@$l res t%e ling,istic ch ices made 5' writers in t%eir te@ts an# t%e $articular effects an# im$ressi ns t%e' $r #,ce in readers. H@am$les 7 st'listic anal'ses can 5e 7 ,n# in S$it4er [42], Dallida' [17] an# Beec% an# S% rt [21], A,st t menti n a fe*. In t%e $re-com$,ter era, st'listic anal'ses *ere carrie# ,t man,all', *%ich ma#e it #ifficult t identi7' t%e s$eci7ic ling,istic feat,res acr ss a *% le te@t r c llecti ns 7 te@ts 8009. In additi n, t%e' 7 cuse# n a fe* care7,ll' selecte# ling,istic feat,res, t%,s raising # ,bts a5 ,t t%eir 5Aecti"it' (e.g. Fis% [14]). Iit% t%e a#"ent 7 c r$,s st'listics, t%at is t%e ,se of cor$,s ling,istics met% ds of anal'sis t t%e st,#' of literar' te@ts, em$irical e"idence for t%e ling,istic feat,res creating t%ese effects can n w be easil' pr "i#ed. )%e present st,#' dra*s n cor$,s st'listics t in"estigate t%e st'le ass ciate# wit% The Twilight Saga. In $articular, it aims t e@$l re *%et%er $articularl' craft' ling,istic ch ices can 5e sai# t create riginal st'listic effects. Literature review In t%e last #ecades, st'listic anal'sis 7 literar' te@ts %as 5enefite# fr m cor$,s ling,istics met% # l gies *%ich %a"e $r "ide# e"idence in s,$$ rt 7 st'listic A,dgements. C r$,s st'listics, as t%is s,b-branch 7 st'listics is called, %as facilitate# t%e identi7icati n 7 $articular effects $r #,ce# in literar' te@ts as "arie# as n "els, drama an# $ etr'. -ne 7 t%e basic tenets 7 st'listics is t%at writers1 creati"e wa's 7 ,sing lang,age basicall' consists in #e"iati ns fr m ling,istic n rms. In t%is res$ect, St,bbs ([46]: 5) affirms t%at: in#ivi#,al te@ts can be e@$laine# nl' against a bac<gr ,n# 7 *%at is n rmal an# e@$ecte# in general lang,age ,se, an# t%is is $recisel' t%e com$arati"e in7 rmati n t%at ?,antitati"e cor$,s #ata can $r vi#e. +s a res,lt, a te@t1s st'listic 7eat,res can 5e identi7ie# 5' its com$aris n wit% t%er te@ts. +s &a%lberg ([24]: 221) states, c r$,s st'listics %el$8s9 *it% t%e anal'sis 7 an in#ivi#,al text 5' $r vi#ing vari ,s $ti ns 7 r t%e com$aris n 7 ne te@t *it% gr ,$s 7 t%er te@ts t i#enti7' ten#encies, intertext,al relati ns%i$s, r re7lecti ns 7 s cial an# cult,ral conte@ts. C r$,s-st'listic st,#ies %a"e a# $te# t%ree main a$$r aches [3] *%ich 7 cus n <e'* rds, c ll cati ns an# cl,sters. In cor$,s ling,istics, <e'* r# anal'sis c m$ares an# c ntrasts t%e 00 D. Cesiri, F. C ccetta – Narrati"e descri$ti ns in Ste$%enie Me'er(s )wilig%t Saga. A c r$,s st'listics pers$ecti"e fre?,ency 7 t%e * rds in a gi"en c r$,s *it% t%e fre?,ency 7 t%e same * rds in a reference c r$,s [35]. )%e * rds ccurring wit% ,n,s,al fre?,ency, r J<e'ness1, in t%at c r$,s, are in#ee# <e'* rds. In literar' st,dies, <e'* r# anal'sis %as been ,se# t in"estigate c%aracteri4ati n (i.e. t%e wa' in *%ich a ficti nal c%aracter is constr,cte#; an# a te@t1s s,5Aect matter 6 r Ja5 ,tness1, [35]). =,t <e'* r# anal'sis can als $r "i#e in7 rmati n a5 ,t a te@t1s st'le. In t%is res$ect, C,l$e$er [11] bser"es t%at <e'* rds c rres$ n# t Jst'le mar<ers1 in st'l metr', *%ich are #efine# as Ft% se ling,istic items t%at nl' a$$ear, r are m st r least fre?,ent in, one gr ,$ of conte@tsG ([13]: 34). )%e ,se 7 <e'* rds 7 r a te@t1s st'listic #escri$ti n is *ell ill,strate# 5' st,dies int S%a<es$eare1s Romeo and Juliet. C,l$e$er 6[9], [11]), 7 r instance, anal'ses c%aracteri4ati n in Romeo and Juliet. In $articular, %e c nsi#ers % * t%e si@ c%aracters *% s$ea< t%e m st in t%e $la', namel' K me , L,liet, Friar Ba*rence, N,rse, Ca$,let an# &ercuti , are s%a$e# in t%eir s$eec%. ) # s , %e com$iles si@ cor$ ra, eac% consisting of t%e s$eec% pr #,ced 5' ne 7 t%e a5 "e-menti ne# c%aracters, an# c m$ares an# c ntrasts each cor$,s wit% t%e s$eech 7 t%e t%er fi"e characters.