May 24, 2019 Observing Life in the Sea Sanctuaries MBON Monterey Bay, Florida Keys, and Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuaries Principal Investigators: Frank Muller-Karger (USF) Francisco Chávez (MBARI) Illustration by Kelly Lance© 2016 MBARI Partners: E. Montes/M. Breitbart/A. Djurhuus/N. Sawaya1, K. Pitz/R. Michisaki2, Maria Kavanaugh3, S. Gittings/A. Bruckner/K. Thompson4, B.Kirkpatrick5, M. Buchman6, A. DeVogelaere/J. Brown7, J. Field8, S. Bograd8, E. Hazen8, A. Boehm9, K. O'Keife/L. McEachron10, G. Graettinger11, J. Lamkin12, E. (Libby) Johns/C. Kelble/C. Sinigalliano/J. Hendee13, M. Roffer14 , B. Best15 Sanctuaries MBON 1 College of Marine Science, Univ. of South Florida (USF), St Petersburg, FL; 2 MBARI/CenCOOS, CA; 3 Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; 4 NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS), Washington, DC; 5 Texas A&M University (TAMU/GCOOS), College Station, TX; Monterey Bay, 6 NOAA Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), Key West, FL; Florida Keys, and 7 NOAA Monterey Bay National Marine Sanct. (MBNMS), Monterey, CA; Flower Garden Banks 8 NOAA SW Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), La Jolla, CA, 9 Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA; National Marine Sanctuaries 10 Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI), St Petersburg, FL; 11NOAA Office of Response and Restoration (ORR), Seattle, WA; Principal Investigators: 12NOAA SE Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC), Miami, FL; Frank Muller-Karger (USF) 13NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorol. Lab. (AOML), Miami, FL; Francisco Chávez (MBARI) 14Roffer's Ocean Fishing Forecasting Service (ROFFS™), Melbourne, FL. 14Ecoquants, Santa Barbara,CA. Good and timely information on The MBON vision: marine biodiversity sustains the long-term health and use of marine ecosystems Huge investments have gone into ocean observing systems — but there is no systematic effort to observe life in the sea MBON Goal: Enable the effort to characterize how marine biodiversity is changing and how it affects us The NOPP Sanctuaries MBON Pilot: Primary Goals of Cooperative Agreement • Integrate, synthesize, augment biodiversity information from ongoing programs • Develop technologies for biodiversity assessments through: – Emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) molecular methods and autonomous sample collection; – Application of remote sensing to evaluate biogeographic Seascapes • Bring biodiversity and environmental data together and serve it using international standards • Use advanced analyses to link the mean and fluctuating components of biodiversity and ecosystem function to environmental conditions • Relate information to social-economic context and provide information rapidly to stakeholders • Seek to do this as an operational system • Work with other US MBON demonstration projects to develop network concept • Export the MBON concept globally Addressing User Needs Sanctuary sites engaged with California Current IEA, MBON demonstration projects and Gulf of Mexico IEA Collaboration of IEA with The NOPP Sanctuaries MBON Pilot: Integration of information using international standards • Multiple, multi-agency, international satellite and in situ datasets • State data sets – GCOOS (FL, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas) – CenCOOS (CA) • Augmented Monterey Bay Time series (eDNA) • Augmented the South Florida Program (eDNA, plankton) • NOAA/State Fisheries and Reef surveys – Reef Visual Surveys, Rockfish Recruitment & Ecol Assessment, Coral Reef – Physical and chemical oceanographic data • Beach Strandings data • Many different environmental data • Contributed to developing the MBON Portal (IOOS) and open source information tools Addressing Sanctuary Needs: data tools Processes and products Collaboration between being shared across sanctuaries, IEA, MBON programs and regions expanding to Gulf of Mexico Coral Reef - Florida - Monterey Bay Keys Currently conceptual models and data products under Development by Sanctuaries MBON Channel - Monterey Islands Bay Gulf of Mexico IEA meeting with FKNMS, including Sanctuaries MBON partners, to expand collaboration apply IEA products and processes to the sanctuary. MARINe long-term monitoring # Marine Mammals Strandings data FKNMS Demo: Under-development CeNCOOS/SCCOOS https://marinebon.githu b.io/info-fk/corals.html Developed by Sanctuaries Available MBON MBNMS Demo: through PISCO / CINP / LTER CCIEA data Developed by Sanctuaries MBON/ https://marinebon.github.io/ MBARI info-mb/pelagic.html Collaboration of https://mbon.ioos.us/ Inventories and “Curated data views”! Outcomes in Information Management: – Established a framework for operational biological observations, data management, communications • Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG; Taxonomic Databases WG) • Darwin Core / Event Core: data standard; Publish/Harvest data: ERDDAP • Framework adopted by US IOOS and broadly discussed at NOAA – Developed pathways for incorporation of eDNA into national and international repositories – International: Bon in a Box: Contributing IOC Best Practices, OBIS In memory of Matt Howard, whose leadership demonstrated the MBON framework for IOOS The NOPP Sanctuaries MBON Pilot: Primary Goals of Cooperative Agreement •Develop technologies for biodiversity assessments through: –Emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) molecular methods and autonomous sample collection; –Application of remote sensing to evaluate biogeographic Seascapes Active Biodiversity Field Programs Gulf of Mexico / South Florida, Northern Gulf Monterey Bay / Southern California Sampling Sanctuaries with big and small boats, and automated devices (AUVs, etc.) Over 45 expeditions in each FL Keys & MB Marine environmental DNA (MBON) A cheaper, less invasive and larger scale strategy to monitor species diversity – two approaches: next generation sequencing (NGS) and species specific primers Target Gene Markers (qPCR) 12S rDNA ? C OI 18S rDNA 16S rDNA Djurhuus et al. 2017 Each marker targets a different (NGS) group of organisms. First task: defined, published methods eDNA summary statistics Monterey Bay (2013-2019) Florida Keys (2015-2019) • >50 cruises • >20 cruises • Samples collected: >1500 • Samples collected: >1300 Santa Barbara (2015-2017) • 11 Diver surveys AUV (2015-2018) • 26 missions • Autonomous eDNA samples collected: 366 • Sequenced for 18S: 5 • Sequenced for COI: 19 Sanctuaries MBON eDNA Team: FWRI, MBARI, Stanford, & USF ESP vs Traditional Laboratory Methods Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Endangered Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Invasive Yamahara et al., submitted a b Autotrophs (33.3%) d e Autotrophs (17.5%) Saprotrophs (22.8%) Saprotrophs (11.0%) Primary consumers (10.5%) Primar y consumers (9.8%) Tertiary consumers (1.2%) Tertiar y consumers (0.9%) Secondar y consumers (44.4%) Secondar y consumers (48.2%) Trophic levels Saprotrophs Autotrophs Primary consumers Secondary consumers eDNA: MicrobesTertiary consumers to whales c f Puniceicoccaceae | | | | Rhodospirillaceae | | abundance Sugiuridae | | Syndiniaceae | | | Urechidae | | Temoridae | | | | | | | | amplicon Euphausiidae | | | | | | | | Carangidae | Relative Relative Balaenopteridae | | Otariidae | | r r c t g y p c r r l c t g y p c p p c e l u e e p p u c e u e e A A u D A O S J D A A D A S O J D 0 2015 250 2016 500 02015 250 2016 500 Days since April 30 2015 Days since April 30 2015 o:Pyramimonadales o:Cryomonadida f:Oikopleuridae f:Rhizophlyctidaceae Rhodospirillaceae f:Capitellidae f:Schizocaryidae f:Pedinomonadaceae o:Haptorida c:Trebouxiophyceaef:Paramoebidae o:Urostylida f:Crustomastigaceae f:Bacillaceae f:Lophodiniaceaeo:Helotiales f:Chlorellaceaec:Nephroselmidophyceae f:Lynnellidaef:Sugiuridae f:Gonyaulacaceaeo:Planctomycetales f:Rhopalodiaceaef:Rathkeidaef:Listeriaceae f:Terebellidae f:Chrysolepidomonadaceaef:Urechidae f:Litonotidae c:Pelagophyceaef:Puniceicoccaceae f:Dinobryaceaef:Synuraceae f:Prymnesiaceaef:Balaenopteridae f:Opheliidae f:Chlorodendraceae o:Kinetoplastida f:Eudubosquellidaef:Braarudosphaeraceae f:Gracilariaceae o:Pedinellales f:Acanthoecidae f:Hormosiraceae f:Kareniaceae f:Chroomonadaceae o:Verrucomicrobiales f:Prorocentraceae c:Spirotrichea o:Blastodiniales f:Corycaeidae o:Narcomedusae f:Chytriodiniaceae f:Cortinariaceae o:Florenciellales o:Dictyochales o:Naviculales f:Colpodellidae f:Nitrosomonadaceae c:Chrysophyceae f:Adeleidaef:Sphingomonadaceae f:Ascidiidae c:Actinobacteria f:Bathycoccaceae f:Tintinnidae f:Eunotiaceae f:Pyrenomonadaceae f:Geminigeraceae f:Hemiselmidaceae f:Duboscquellidae f:Pleurotaceae f:Clausocalanidae Balaenoptera o:Prymnesialesf:Calcidiscaceae f:Melosiraceae f:Goniomonadaceae c:Cryptophyta o:Microstromatales f:Cyaneidae o:Pelagomonadales f:Methylobacteriaceaeo:Calanoida f:Acanthocystidaeo:Thaumatomonadida f:Cymatosiraceae f:Paraphysomonadaceaef:Hexalaspididaef:Rhaphoneidaceae f:Picomonadidaef:Blastocladiaceaec:Candidatusf:Nephtyidaef:Leegaardiellidaef:Coriolaceaef:Nitrosopumilaceae Thalassoarchaea f:Spongodiscidaef:Crypthecodiniaceaeo:Chaunacanthidaf:Cirratulidaef:Temoridae f:Cohnilembidae o:Choanoflagellida f:Prayidaef:Otariidae f:Eimeriidaec:Acanthareaf:Tovelliaceaef:Goniodomataceaef:Carangidae c:Deltaproteobacteriaf:Rhodospirillaceaef:Metridinidaef:Gigartacontidaef:Ellobiopsidaef:Trimyemidae f:Amphilithiidae c:Maxillopodaf:Syndiniaceaec:Polycystineaf:Paulinellidae f:Babesiidae f:Stokesiidaef:Halomonadaceaef:Chlamydodontidae f:Amphidomataceae f:Cyclopidaef:Idiomarinaceaef:Palaemonidae f:Pycnococcaceae f:Planctomycetaceaef:Mycosphaerellaceae f:Chrysochromulinaceae c:Alphaproteobacteriao:Ichthyophonida f:Dolichomastigaceae