AALLAASSKKAA AAllll--HHaazzaarrdd RRiisskk MMiittiiggaattiioonn PPllaann State of Alaska Department of Military and Veteran Affairs Prepared By Division of Homeland Security & Emergency Management October 2007 Table of Contents STATE OF ALASKA ALL-HAZARD RISK MITIGATION PLAN Table of Contents October 2007 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... i Table of Contents............................................................................................. iii 1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose.......................................................................................................1 1.2 Assumptions................................................................................................1 1.3 Authority ......................................................................................................1 1.4 A Guide to this Plan.....................................................................................2 1.5 Alaska Background Information...................................................................5 1.6 Alaska’s Structure .......................................................................................5 1.7 General Facts..............................................................................................5 1.8 Land Transportation ....................................................................................8 1.9 Air Transportation........................................................................................9 1.10 Waterborne Transportation........................................................................9 1.11 Space Transportation ..............................................................................10 1.12 Winter Transportation..............................................................................10 2.0 MITIGATION STRATEGY.........................................................................................11 2.1 Mitigation Defined......................................................................................11 2.2 Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................12 2.2.1 Protective............................................................................................13 2.2.2 Preventive...........................................................................................13 2.2.3 Education............................................................................................15 3.0 Planning, Monitoring, and Maintenance...................................................................17 3.1 State Coordination.....................................................................................17 3.2 People Involved In Planning......................................................................18 3.2.1 State Hazard Mitigation Officer (SHMO).............................................18 3.2.2 State Hazard Mitigation Advisory Committee (SHMAC) .....................18 3.2.3 Purpose of the SHMAC.......................................................................18 3.3 Governor’s Disaster Policy Cabinet (DPC)................................................19 3.4 Monitoring Mitigation Measures and Project Closeouts.............................20 3.5 State & Local Hazard Mitigation Planning .................................................21 3.6 Local Plan Approval Process.....................................................................25 3.7 State Plan Development & Maintenance ..................................................25 3.7.1 Planning Process ...............................................................................27 3.7.2 Update procedure Accomplishments Revision 2007 ..........................27 3.8 Goal Development.....................................................................................29 3.9 Local Plan Maintenance ............................................................................29 3.10 Local Plan Integration IntoTthe State Plan ..............................................29 4.0 Hazard Analysis ........................................................................................................33 4.0.1 Hazards Identification .........................................................................33 State of Alaska iii All-Hazard Mitigation Plan - October 2007 Table of Contents 4.0.2 Vulnerability Analysis..........................................................................36 4.0.3 Risk Assessment ................................................................................37 4.1 Hazards In Alaska .....................................................................................38 4.1.1 Flood...................................................................................................39 4.1.2 Wildland Fire.......................................................................................39 4.1.3 Earthquakes........................................................................................40 4.1.4 Volcanoes ...........................................................................................41 4.1.5 Snow Avalanches ...............................................................................42 4.1.6 Tsunamis And Seiches .......................................................................43 4.1.7 Weather ..............................................................................................43 4.1.8 Ground Failure....................................................................................46 4.1.9 Erosion................................................................................................47 4.1.10 Technological....................................................................................48 4.1.11 Economic ..........................................................................................49 4.2 State Agencies ..........................................................................................49 4.3 State Facilities ...........................................................................................53 4.4 State Capabilities ......................................................................................58 4.5 Local Capability Assessment.....................................................................64 4.6 Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................65 4.6.1 Disaster Funds...............................................................................................66 4.6.2 Pre-Disaster Mitigation Grant Programs ........................................................67 4.6.3 Federal Unmet Needs Programs ...................................................................68 4.6.4 Other Mitigation Programs ................................................................................. 5.0 Hazard Detailed Vulnerability Analysis, Mitigation Success, Goals’ Local Summary By Hazard.................................................................................................73 5.1 All-Hazards................................................................................................................75 Existing Programs and Strategies................................................................75 Hazard Mitigation Successes.......................................................................76 Goals ...........................................................................................................76 5.2 Floods ......................................................................................................................87 Hazard Analysis/Characterization................................................................87 Hazard Vulnerability Analysis ......................................................................92 Existing Programs and Strategies................................................................94 Hazard Mitigation Successes.......................................................................94 Goals ...........................................................................................................96 Summary Of Local Capabilities, Goals And Actions ..................................102 5.3 Wildland Fire ...........................................................................................................105 Hazard Analysis/Characteristics ................................................................105 Hazard Vulnerability Analysis ....................................................................107 Existing Programs and Strategies..............................................................114 Hazard Mitigation Successes.....................................................................114 Goals .........................................................................................................115 Summary Of Local Capabilities, Goals And Actions ..................................118 5.4 Snow Avalanches...................................................................................................119 Hazard Analysis/Characterization..............................................................119 Hazard Vulnerability Analysis ....................................................................123 Existing Programs and Strategies..............................................................127 iv State of