JSC 64047 Debris Assessment Software User’s Guide Version 2.0 Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate Orbital Debris Program Office November 2007 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 77058 Debris Assessment Software Version 2.0 User’s Guide NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, TX November 2007 Prepared by: John N. Opiela Eric Hillary David O. Whitlock Marsha Hennigan ESCG Approved by: Kira Abercromby ESCG Project Manager Orbital Debris Program Office Approved by: Eugene Stansbery NASA/JSC Program Manager Orbital Debris Program Office Table of Contents List of Figures................................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables..................................................................................................................................... iii List of Plots ........................................................................................................................................iv 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Major Changes since DAS 1.5.3 ..........................................................................................1 1.2 Software Installation and Removal ......................................................................................2 2. DAS Main Window Features ....................................................................................................4 2.1 Viewing Toolbars .................................................................................................................4 2.2 Using the Mission Editor......................................................................................................5 2.3 Requirement Assessments...................................................................................................11 2.4 Science and Engineering Utilities......................................................................................13 2.5 Using the Material Database Editor..................................................................................13 2.6 Using the Plot Viewer ........................................................................................................13 2.7 Using the Date Conversion Utility.....................................................................................16 2.8 Viewing the Activity Log ....................................................................................................16 2.9 Saving and Loading Projects .............................................................................................17 3. Assessing Compliance with the NASA Debris Requirements ..............................................19 3.1 Requirement 4.3-1: LEO Mission-Related Debris ............................................................19 3.2 Requirement 4.3-2: Debris Passing Near GEO ................................................................21 3.3 Requirements 4.4-1, 4.4-2 and 4.4-4: Not Covered by DAS .............................................24 3.4 Requirement 4.4-3: Planned Breakups .............................................................................24 3.5 Requirement 4.5-1: Limiting Debris Generated by Collisions with Large Objects..........26 3.6 Requirement 4.5-2: Probability of Damage from Small Debris .......................................28 3.7 Requirement 4.6-1, -2, -3: Postmission Disposal..............................................................31 3.8 Requirement 4.6-4: Postmission Disposal Reliability.......................................................35 3.9 Requirement 4.7-1: Uncontrolled Reentry ........................................................................35 3.10 Requirement 4.8-1: Mitigate the Collision Hazard of Space Tethers...........................40 4. Science and Engineering Utilities............................................................................................45 4.1 On-Orbit Collisions............................................................................................................45 i 4.1.1 Debris Impacts vs. Orbit Altitude ..............................................................................45 4.1.2 Debris Impacts vs. Debris Diameter ..........................................................................48 4.1.3 Debris Impacts vs. Start Date.....................................................................................51 4.2 Analysis of Postmission Disposal Maneuvers....................................................................54 4.2.1 Disposal by Atmospheric Reentry..............................................................................54 4.2.2 Maneuver to Storage Orbit.........................................................................................57 4.2.3 Reentry Survivability Analysis ..................................................................................60 4.3 Orbit Evolution Analysis ....................................................................................................62 4.3.1 Apogee/Perigee Altitude History for a Given Orbit...................................................62 4.3.2 Orbit Lifetime/Dwell Time ........................................................................................65 4.4 Delta-V for Postmission Maneuver....................................................................................68 4.4.1 Delta-V for Decay Orbit, Given Orbital Lifetime......................................................68 4.4.2 Delta-V for Decay Orbit, Given Area-to-Mass..........................................................71 4.5 Delta-V for Orbit-to-Orbit Transfer...................................................................................73 4.5.1 Orbit-to-Orbit Transfer...............................................................................................73 4.6 Other Utilities.....................................................................................................................76 4.6.1 Two Line Element Converter.....................................................................................76 4.6.1 Calculate Cross-Sectional Area..................................................................................78 Appendix A : Glossary of Terms and Acronyms .......................................................................A-1 Appendix B : NASA Technical Standard 8719.14 Requirements.............................................B-1 Appendix C : DAS 2.0 Technical Notes.......................................................................................C-1 Propagators...............................................................................................................................C-1 Orbital Elements.......................................................................................................................C-2 Solar Flux Model......................................................................................................................C-4 Human Casualty Expectation...................................................................................................C-4 Properties of the Default Materials ..........................................................................................C-5 ii List of Figures Figure 2 - 1: DAS 2.0 Main Window..................................................................................................4 Figure 2 - 2: DAS 2.0 Mission Editor Dialog .....................................................................................6 Figure 2 - 3: Requirement Assessments Top-level Dialog................................................................12 Figure 3 - 1: Requirement 4.3-1 Debris Passing Through LEO Dialog............................................20 Figure 3 - 2: Requirement 4.3-2 Debris Passing Near GEO Dialog .................................................22 Figure 3 - 3: Requirement 4.4-3 Planned Breakups Dialog ..............................................................25 Figure 3 - 4: Requirement 4.5-1 Limiting Debris Generated by Collisions with Large Objects Dialog.........................................................................................................................................27 Figure 3 - 5: Requirement 4.5-2 Probability of Damage from Small Debris Dialog........................29 Figure 3 - 6: Requirements 4.6-1, 2, 3 Postmission Disposal of Space Structures Dialog ...............33 Figure 3 - 7: Requirement 4.7-1 Limit the Risk of Human Casualty Dialog....................................36 Figure 3 - 8: Requirement 4.8-1 Collision Hazards of Space Tethers Dialog...................................41 Figure 4 - 1: Debris Impacts vs. Orbit Altitude Input Dialog ...........................................................46 Figure 4 - 2: Debris Impacts vs. Debris Diameter Input Dialog .......................................................49 Figure 4 - 3: Debris Impacts vs. Date Dialog....................................................................................52 Figure 4 - 4: Disposal by Atmospheric Reentry Input Dialog ..........................................................55 Figure 4 - 5: Maneuver to Storage Orbit Dialog ...............................................................................58 Figure 4 - 6: Reentry Survivability Analysis Dialog........................................................................61