1 United States Department of 1 Commerce I 1 ^^^^ I Technology Administration ' ^"^^^^ ' National Institute of Standards and Technology Technical Digest Symposium on Optical Fiber Measurements, 1998 Sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in cooperation with the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society and the Optical Society of America I I 0 I NIST Special Publication 930 Technical Digest—Symposium on Optical Fiber Measurements, 1998 Digest of a symposium sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in cooperation with the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society and the Optical Society of America Edited by G.W. Day D.L. Franzen P. A. Williams Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder, Colorado 80303-3328 September 1998 TES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, William M. Daley, Secretary TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION, Gary R. Bachula, Acting Under Secretary for Technology NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, Raymond G. Kammer, Director / National Institute of Standards U.S. Government Printing Office For sale by the Superintendent of and Technology Washington: 1998 Documents Special Publication 930 U.S. Government Printing Office Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Washington, DC 20402-9325 Spec. Publ. 930 196 pages (September 1998) C0DEN:NSPUE2 Preface This year marks the 10th biennial Symposium on Optical Fiber Measurements, held September 15-17, 1998 at the laboratories of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colorado. Over these last 20 years, the SOFM has been a good indicator of the issues that concern the fiber optic measurement community. At first glance, the second day's multimode fiber measurement talks may seem like a trip back in time to an SOFM from the eighties. However, recent events have brought multimode fiber issues back into the measurement arena. Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) continues to be a topic of much interest with two full sessions devoted to a variety of subtopics in the field. Fiber geometry has several contributions, as does the broad topic of fiber mapping with length (including such parameters as chromatic dispersion and polarization properties). This year's Symposium consists of 44 papers (10 invited and 34 contributed), and continues to show a strong international participation, with two-thirds of the papers originating outside the United States. G.W. Day D.L. Franzen P.A. Williams Boulder, Colorado September 1998 Except where attributed to NIST authors, the content of individual sections of this volume has not been reviewed or edited by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NIST therefore accepts no responsibility for comments or recommendations therein. The mention of trade names in this volume is in no sense an endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. iii SYMPOSIUM COMMITTEE D.L. Franzen, NIST, General Chair G.W. Day, NIST, Program Co-Chair P.A. Williams, NIST, Program Co-Chair M. Artiglia, CSELT A. Barlow, EG&G Fiber Optics J. Benson, NPL S.C. Fleming, University of Sydney N. Gisin, University of Geneva T.A. Hanson, Corning B. L. Heffner, Hewlett-Packard R.B. Kummer, Lucent Technologies P.S. Lovely, PK Technology H. Nagai, Anritsu W.A. Reed, Lucent Technologies L.A. Reith, Bellcore D.K. Roland, SpecTran G.W. Schinn, EXFO K. Takada, NTT iv CONTENTS PREFACE iii SYMPOSIUM COMMITTEE iv DWDM Component Characterization (invited) Bruce Nyman, JDS Fitel : 1 Accurate Polarization Dependent Loss Measurement and Calibration Standard Development R.M. Craig, S.L. Gilbert, P.D. Hale, NIST 5 Measurement of Wide-Bandwidth Gain-Flat Fiber Amplifiers (invited) Paul F. Wysocki, Lucent Technologies 9 Polarisation Mode Dispersion in Chirped Fibre Bragg Gratings (invited) David Ives, NPL 15 Measurement of Polarisation Mode Dispersion in Fibre Amplifiers C. Geiser, B. Huttner, N. Gisin, University of Geneva; R. Caponi, M. Potenza, M. Schiano, M. Artiglia, CSELT; I. Joindot, France Telecom/CNET 19 Narrowband Measurements of Polarization-Mode Dispersion Using the Modulation Phase Shift Technique P. A. Williams, NIST; A.J. Barlow, C. Mackechnie, EG&G Fiber Optics; J.B. Schlager, NIST 23 Impact of Signal Wavelength and Input State-of-Polarization on PMD Induced Pulse Distortion in > 10 Gbit/s Transmission Systems Ralph Leppla, Arnold Mattheus, Deutsche Telekom AG 27 Repeated Measurement of Polarisation Mode Dispersion in Installed Cables Adam Kapovits, Hungarian Telecommunications Company, Ltd 31 Twin-Photon Techniques for Fiber Measurements (invited) N. Gisin, J. Brendel, H. Zbinden, University of Geneva; A. Sergienko, A. Muller, Boston University 35 Comparison Between Interferometric and Polarimetric PMD Measurement Techniques Based on Fiber Impulse Response Marco Schiano, CSELT 41 Determination of Small PMD Values via the Poincare Sphere Method Using Wavelength Scanning Data N. Cyr, EXFO 45 V Polarisation-Induced Pulse Spreading in Birefringent Optical Fibres with Zero Differential Group Delay B. Huttner, B. Gisin, N. Gisin, University of Geneva 49 Temperature Dependence of PMD Measurements S. Corbeil, M. O' Sullivan, NORTEL 53 Measurement of Two Dimensional Axial Stress Profiles of Optical Fibres with High Spatial Resolution K.W. Raine, K&V Optics; A.J. Parker, NPL 57 Biased Perturbation Method for Index Profiling Single-Mode Fibers from Near-Field and Far-Field Data N.H. Fontaine, M. Young, NIST 61 High Precision Fiber Group Refractive Index Measurement Using an Interferometric Method Gisella Marradi, Pier Giuseppe Peretta, Susanna Cattelan, SIRTI 65 Are the Formulas for Mode-Field Diameter Correct? Ronald C. Wittmann, Matt Young, NIST 69 Simultaneous Measurement of Relative Outer Diameter along Fiber Axis: nm Resolution in Diameter and mm Coverage in Length Andrew W. Poon, Richard K. Chang, Yale University 73 Measurement of the Impact of Fiber Nonlinearities on High Data Rate, Dispersion- Managed WDM Systems (invited) Sebastien Bigo, Michel Chbat, ALCATEL 77 Highly Accurate Nonlinear Coefficient Measurements by SPM Method for DSFs and Large Effective Area Fibers at 1.55 fxm Yoshinori Namihira, KDD R&D Laboratories 83 Monitoring of Optical Signal Quality Using Sum-Frequency-Generation Optical Sampling Ippei Shake, Hidehiko Takara, Satoki Kawanishi, Yoshiaki Yamabayashi, NTT Optical Network Systems Laboratories 87 High Resolution Reflectometry for Diagnosis of Optical Devices by Synthesis of Optical Coherence Function (invited) Kazuo Hotate, Takashi Saida, University of Tokyo 91 Distributed-Gain Measurements of Erbium-Doped Fibers J.P. von der Weid, A.O. Dal Forno, J. A. Pereira da Silva, R. Passy, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janerio; M.R. Xavier de Barros, CpqD-Telebras; B. Huttner, N. Gisin, University of Geneva 97 vi Polarisation OFDR for Measurements of Birefringence and Polarisation Mode Coupling Lengths in Optical Fibres B. Huttner, J. Reecht, N. Gisin, University of Geneva; R. Passy, J. P. von der Weid, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janerio 101 Beat-Length Measurement in Highly Mode-Coupled Single-Mode Fibers by Means of Fourier Transform of Backscattered Signal Fabrizio Corsi, Andrea Galtarossa, Luca Palmieri, DEI Univesita di Padova 105 Spun Fibre Parameter Extraction Using Polarimetric Optical Time Domain Reflectometry J.G. Ellison, A.S. Siddiqui, University of Essex 109 Characterizing Multimode Fiber Bandwidth for Gigabit Ethernet Applications (invited) Michael J. Hackert, Coming 113 Effect of Launch Conditions on Power Penalties in Gigabit Links Using 62.5 yum Core Fibers Operating at Short Wavelength Petar Pepeljugoski, IBM; John Abbot, Corning; Jim Tatum, Honeywell Microswitch ..119 Improved Performance in Short-Haul Multimode Fibre Systems by Using Low-Order Launch Conditions Robert S. Billington, University of Leeds; Jerry M. Benson, Timothy C.E. Jones, NPL; John C.C. Nelson, University of Leeds 123 Differential Mode Delay Measurements on Multimode Fibers in the Time and Frequency Domains J.B. Schlager, D.L. Franzen, NIST 127 Ultra-high Resolution Two Dimensional Differential Mode Delay Measurements of Multimode Fibers Constantine T. Markos, Alfred D. Ducharme, Gerry Wyntjes, Visidyne 131 Intermodal Dispersion and Mode Coupling in Perfluorinated Graded-Index Plastic Optical Fiber Michael Dueser, W.R. White, W.A. Reed, Lucent Technologies; Tsuyoshi Onishi, Asahi Glass Company 135 Measurement of Skew in GI MM Optical Ribbon Fibers Masateru Tadakuma, Osamu Aso, Shu Namiki, Furukawa Electric Company 139 Gratings for WDM Systems - Review of Applications and Critical Measurements (invited) Peter A. Krug, John Canning, Dmitrii Yu. Stepanov, OFTC 143 Real-Time Characterisation of Fibre Grating Fabry-Perots and Phase-Shifted Gratings with 100 kHz Resolution D. Yu. Stepanov, J. Canning, Z. Brodzeli, OFTC 149 vii OTDR-Like Dispersion-Map Measurements (invited) Jiirgen Gripp, Linn F. Mollenauer, Lucent Technologies 153 Measurement of the Spatial Distribution of the Zero-Dispersion Wavelength in DS Fibers by Bidirectional Linear Reflectometry A. Rossaro, M. Schiano, CSELT; M. Dainese, F. Lovisolo, Politechnico di Torino ... 159 A New Technique for Zero-Dispersion Wavelength Mapping in Single Mode Fiber with High Spatial Resolution L Brener, D.D. Lee, P.P. Mitra, D. Philen, D.J. Thomson, Lucent Technologies 163 Analysis of Second Order Chromatic Dispersion Variation in Optical Fiber under Large Stretching L.M. Simohamed, J.L. Auguste, J. Rioublanc, J.M. Blondy, F. Reynaud, IRCOM 165 Fiber Dispersion