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Z#\#/ l]ZgZhZkZgVaXddeZgVi^c\eVicZghVgZidWZ gZegZhZciZY# ;^aZcVbZhigjXijgZ 6aa;djcYVi^dcad\dineZhVgZVkV^aVWaZVh:EHVcY?E:<ÄaZh# I]ZÄaZcVbZhVgZbVYZjed[VXgdncbhl]^X]YZhXg^WZXZgiV^c [ZVijgZh# :mVbeaZ&/7ATLBT&OTE#Zeh 7Z^he^Za'/7ATLBT(OT)8#Zeh 7A&T LBT E #Zeh 7A&T LBT )8 #Zeh " " ®7aa¯ ®7aa¯ 8BN@ EVcidcZ h^c\aZa^cZ h^c\aZa^cZ 7adX`Xdadjg 7adX`Xdadjg Branko Ančić bVc®LdgibVg`Z¯ bVc®LdgibVg`Z¯ and Hdgi®Ad\dineZ¯/[gdbi]Z<Zg Hdgi®Ad\dineZ¯/[gdbi]Z<Zg * I]ZAd\dineZ Heinrich Böll Stiftung Croatia prepared for the Mladen Domazet, Danijela Dolenec by Analysis sustainable development Mapping Croatia’s potential for We Need to Change We WE NEED TO CHANGE MAppiNG CroatiA’s pOTENTiAl fOr sustaiNAblE DEvElOpMENT The authors would like to thank the Institute for Social Research issp team for their support in the making of this study. The implementation of the issp survey was in part funded by the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund of the Republic of Croatia. HeinriCH Böll Stiftung CroatiA We Need to Change Mapping Croatia’s potential for sustainable development A study prepared for the Heinrich böll stiftung Croatia by Mladen Domazet, Danijela Dolenec and branko Ančić Mladen Domazet, Danijela Dolenec, Branko Ančić — We Need to Change We need to change Mapping Croatia's potential for sustainable development Analysis prepared for Heinrich Böll Stiftung Croatia by Mladen Domazet, Danijela Dolenec and Branko Ančić Published by the Heinrich Böll Stiftung, Croatia (represented by Vedran Horvat) Printed in Croatia, June 2012 edited by Heinrich Böll Stiftung © all rights reserved Croatian translation available at www.boell.hr (translated by Srđan Dvornik and Hana Dvornik) general assistance: Joško gamberožić, Judith gehrke and iva Kvakić Design / Layout: ivan Klisurić Cover illustration: ivan gregov HDi, ef and HPi graphics: Joško gamberožić Corporate design concept: Blotto Design Printer: Kerschoffset, Zagreb iSBn 978-953-7723-07-1 the views expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone. they do not necessarily reflect the views of the Heinrich Böll Stiftung Croatia this publication can be ordered at: Heinrich Böll Stiftung, Croatia Preobraženska 2, 10000 Zagreb [email protected] A CiP catalogue record for this book is available from the national and university library in Zagreb under 808570 impressum / table of Contents We need to change 7 re-affirming the idea of sustainable development in the 21st century 10 Croatia’s globally comparative position — a small country for a great leap 13 Human development index 13 ecological footprint 16 Happy Planet index 22 About the international social survey programme 26 social characteristics of Croatia’s population 27 Environmental concerns, assessments and behaviour of Croatia’s citizens 31 Assessment of environmental threats 34 Assessment of causes and solutions to environmental problems 35 squaring the circle between economic development and environmental protection 42 the association between the risk of poverty and the economic development 44 / environmental protection trade off the association between educational attainments and the economic development 46 — environmental protection trade-off the association between regional belonging and the economic development 47 — environmental protection trade-off politics and the environment — sticks and carrots 51 policy summary and Conclusions 57 references 60 Abbreviations 64 ‘Economies are teetering. inequality is growing. And global temperatures continue to rise. (…) We need to change dramatically, beginning with how we think about our relationship to each other, to future generations, and to the eco-systems that support us.’ (uN sg hp gs 2012: 1) 7 We need to change — This year the un is organizing a conference at The empirical data is drawn from the Inter- the highest level, inviting heads of state and gov- national Social Survey Project (issp), the oldest ernment around the globe to take part in the international research project in the field of so- conversation about sustainable development. cial sciences, which takes place in 48 participat- The United Nations Conference on Sustainable ing countries. Croatia has been participating in Development (uncsd) will take place in Rio de the project since 2005, through the Institute for Janeiro, Brazil on 20 – 22 June 2012, marking Social Research in Zagreb. However, the survey the 20th anniversary of the 1992 United Nations module on the environment was implemented Conference on Environment and Development for the first time in Croatia during the spring of (unced) — which was credited with setting up 2011. This report, thus, contains previously un- the architecture for global action on climate published relevant information about the atti- change and sustainable development. tudes of Croatia's citizens towards environmen- tal topics, policies, problems and solutions.The Twenty years later the record of global accom- analysis of these findings represents the back- plishments in environmental policy is patchy bone of this report. at best, hence the objective of the conference is to “secure renewed political commitment for Formulation of Croatia's sustainable develop- sustainable development, assess the progress to ment policy depends on state's internal capaci- date and the remaining gaps in the implementa- ties, population's attitudes and expectations and tion of the outcomes of the major summits on the global context. This report combines the in- sustainable development, and address new and ternational comparative position of Croatia ac- emerging challenges” (uncsd website1). cording to several sustainability-relevant meas- ures, overview of some national capacities and Since Croatia will be taking part in the conference, analysis of relevant attitudes of Croatia's citi- this seems like a good moment to ask questions zens. It therefore intends to provide up-to-date pertaining both to Croatia’s past performance with and relevant evidence for the formulation of respect to sustainable development, as well as its Croatia's sustainable development policy. More population’s current attitudes and policies aimed specifically, the authors hope to provide policy at furthering this goal. In the first part this report makers with information and analysis relevant presents a comparative overview of Croatia’s po- for the formulation of Croatia’s position at this sition in key international indicators relevant for year’s un conference in Rio de Janeiro. Most im- sustainable development (Human Development portantly for the long run, this study aims to pro- Index — hdi, Ecological Footprint — ef and Happy vide the framework for formulating future sus- Planet Index — hpi) in the last decade. The second tainability policies and activities through broad part of the report analyses attitudes of Croatia’s outlines of Croatia’s global position against sus- citizens to various topics relevant for making the tainability-relevant indicators and the expecta- switch to sustainable development. tions and perceptions of its population. — The main findings of the study indicate that 1 united nations Conference on Sustainable Development Croatia’s overall development (hdi) ranks (2012) http://www.uncsd2012.org/rio20/about.html our contemporary society among the most 8 Mladen Domazet, Danijela Dolenec, Branko Ančić — We Need to Change highly materially developed societies in the stress the importance of reducing inequalities world, whilst this remains both generally unrec- as an integral part of a politics for sustainable ognized and unevenly distributed within socie- development. ty. Croatia’s Ecological Footprint (ef) and Happy Planet (hpi) indexes on the other hand show In addition to that, the analysis shows that that this development is dependent on a com- Croatia’s citizens strongly rely on the state when paratively lower impact on the environment it comes to identifying actors responsible for the than is the case of the most developed coun- switch to sustainability. They do not trust the in- tries in the Western hemisphere. The analysis dividual, and they trust private businesses and of these comparative indicators reveals Croatia corporations even less. Croatia’s citizens express to be uniquely well-positioned for a switch to a strong preference for the state to legislate more sustainable development paths at a com- rules of sustainable development, and they see paratively lower social cost (in terms of reduc- the state primarily through its sanction and con- tion in its material gain). In addition to that, trol functions. While the role of the state as the according to public opinion, Croatia should be- central instance that should coordinate many come more involved in the effort for sustainable policies