FINAL DRAFT Town of Leland Street Design Guidelines Prepared for: Town of Leland November 2017 Town of Leland Street Design Guidelines Table of Contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 2 Street Network Plans and Policies ......................................................................... 3 2.1 Relevant Plans and Policies ....................................................................................................3 2.2 Complete Streets ......................................................................................................................4 3 Street Typologies and Characteristics ................................................................. 6 3.1 Types and Roles of Streets .....................................................................................................6 3.2 Flexcode Street Typology ......................................................................................................8 3.3 Conventional Subdivision Street Typology ......................................................................9 4 Street Design Overview ............................................................................................. 11 4.1 Street Design Principles .......................................................................................................11 4.2 Cross-Section Elements ....................................................................................................... 12 4.2.1 Streetscape ................................................................................................................... 12 4.2.2 Travelway or Shared Vehicle Zone ....................................................................... 12 5 Standard Cross-Sections ........................................................................................... 15 5.1 Flexcode Thoroughfare Cross-Sections ...........................................................................16 5.2 Conventional Subdivision Cross-Sections ......................................................................31 6 Planning and Design Guidelines ......................................................................... 46 6.1 Design Vehicles ....................................................................................................................... 46 6.2 Design Speed ...........................................................................................................................47 6.3 Access Management ............................................................................................................. 48 6.3.1 Offset Driveways ......................................................................................................... 50 6.3.2 Driveway and Intersection Spacing ...................................................................... 50 6.4 Designing Streets for Transit .............................................................................................52 6.4.1 Access to Transit ..........................................................................................................52 6.4.2 Bus Stop Design Elements ........................................................................................53 6.4.3 Bus Stop Placement ................................................................................................... 54 i Town of Leland Street Design Guidelines 6.4.4 Bus Pull-Outs versus In-Lane Stops .................................................................... 56 6.4.5 Example Bus Stop Guidance ....................................................................................57 6.5 Other Geometric Design Elements .................................................................................. 58 6.5.1 Vertical Alignment ...................................................................................................... 58 6.5.2 Horizontal Alignment ................................................................................................ 58 6.5.3 Sight Distance .............................................................................................................. 58 6.5.4 Horizontal Clearance/Clear Zone ...........................................................................59 6.5.6 Designing to Moderate Traffic Speeds ................................................................ 60 7 Intersection Design ........................................................................................................61 7.1 Principles of Intersection Design .......................................................................................61 7.2 Intersection Geometry ......................................................................................................... 62 7.2.1 Intersection Skew ....................................................................................................... 62 7.2.2 Corner Radii .................................................................................................................. 63 7.2.3 Curb Extensions ........................................................................................................... 66 7.2.4 Crosswalk and Ramp Placement .............................................................................69 7.2.5 On-Street Praking Near Intersections ...................................................................70 7.2.6 Right-Turn Channelization Islands .....................................................................70 7.3 Roundabouts ............................................................................................................................73 7.3.1 Advantages and Disadvantages ..............................................................................73 7.3.2 General Design Elements of Roundabouts .........................................................74 7.3.3 Roundabout Design Criteria.....................................................................................76 7.4 Pedestrian Crossings ..............................................................................................................76 7.4.1 Principles of Pedestrian Crossing Design ........................................................... 77 7.4.2 High-Visibility Crosswalks .........................................................................................78 7.4.3 Advanced Yield/Stop Lines ...................................................................................... 80 7.4.4 Curb Extensions ........................................................................................................... 80 7.4.5 Lighting .......................................................................................................................... 82 8 Bicycle Facilities ............................................................................................................... 83 8.1 Principles of Bicycle Facility Design ................................................................................. 83 8.1.1 Integrating Bicycles into the Street System ....................................................... 84 8.1.2 Bicycle Boulevards .......................................................................................................85 ii Town of Leland Street Design Guidelines 9 Streetscape .......................................................................................................................... 87 9.1 Streetwater Management ................................................................................................... 87 9.1.1 Goals and Benefits of Streetwater Management ............................................. 88 9.1.2 Principles of Streetwater Management ............................................................... 89 9.1.3 Definitions ..................................................................................................................... 89 9.1.4 Tools for Streetwater Management .......................................................................91 9.2 Street Furniture and Amenities ......................................................................................... 94 9.3 Utilities ....................................................................................................................................... 94 9.3.1 Location ......................................................................................................................... 95 9.3.2 Design Guidelines ....................................................................................................... 95 9.3.3 Process ........................................................................................................................... 95 9.4 Street Trees and Plantings .................................................................................................. 96 9.4.1 Street Trees .................................................................................................................. 96 9.4.2 Understory Landscaping ....................................................................................... 98 9.5 Lighting ................................................................................................................................... 100 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................101 iii Town of Leland Street Design Guidelines List of Tables Table 1. Flexcode typology. ..........................................................................................8