HISTORY KS 1 and 2 Unit 12 How did life change in our locality in Victorian times? Section 4 What evidence of Victorian times remains in our area? Town Trails: Activity 3 – Worthing TEACHERS’ NOTES Learning Objectives Learn about Victorian architecture in Worthing Learn to recognise some typical features of Victorian architecture Gain an understanding of how buildings may be altered, and the way they are used may change, over the years Sources Sources 1 – 8 are Word documents, each containing a selection of modern and/or Victorian photographs of a particular kind of Victorian building in Worthing, including general views and closeup details: Source 1. Churches Source 2. Hotels and pubs Source 3. Working class terraces Source 4. Middle class terraces Source 5. Houses for wealthier people Source 6. Commercial and other buildings Source 7. The Pier Source 8. Railway stations www.westsussexpast.org.uk 1 © West Sussex County Council Library Service HISTORY KS 1 and 2 Unit 12 How did life change in our locality in Victorian times? Section 4 What evidence of Victorian times remains in our area? Source 9. Maps of Worthing Town Trail showing the sites of the buildings shown in sources 1-8: one overall map and three enlarged sections of the map, with numbers corresponding to each building Note: These maps are extracts from the West Sussex County Council Interactive Map (iMap) and are copyright of the Ordnance Survey. They may be used in the classroom but must not be reproduced for any other purpose. To access the iMap website, click this link: http://www.westsussex.gov.uk/imap -Click 'Launch the iMap' -Search ‘city, town or village' for 'Worthing' -Close the pop-out box by clicking the x on its top right hand corner -Reduce the scale of the map by clicking the minus sign on the scale bar twice -Under the ‘Local Information’ heading to the left of the map, select ‘Town Trails’ -The various buildings will be displayed on the map, with each one numbered. -If you can’t see them all, you can use your mouse to “drag” the map to the right position -To identify a building, click the symbol on the map, and a pop-out box will display information about it. Note: the numbers of the buildings listed in the sources are the same as the numbers for these buildings on the iMap Town Trail. www.westsussexpast.org.uk 2 © West Sussex County Council Library Service HISTORY KS 1 and 2 Unit 12 How did life change in our locality in Victorian times? Section 4 What evidence of Victorian times remains in our area? Town Trails: Activity 3 – Worthing TEACHERS’ NOTES CHURCHES In the 1860s, 70s and 80s, there was a rapid rise in the population of Worthing. New churches were built to serve the new residential areas of the town, reflecting the different materials and styles of Victorian church architecture, especially large churches in the Gothic style built of brick and flint, stone, stone and flint, or red brick. Other typical examples are the smaller and plainer mission halls or Methodist churches, often in stuccoed brick. Victorian churches in central Worthing still existing in 2005: 1840 – Methodist Church, Bedford Row (2005: part of Vintner's Parrot pub) 1843 – Christ Church, Grafton Road 1861 – New Steet Baptist Chapel, Montague Street (2005: shop) 1862 – Crescent Road Mission, Crescent Road (2005: attached to Scadgell's shop) 1864 onwards - St Mary of the Angels and Sion Convent, Richmond Road 1868 – St George's, St George's Road 1873 – St Botolph's, Lansdowne Road (tower and spire added 1879) 1800 – Anglesea Street Mission, Anglesea Road (2005: Verrall Hall scout hut) 1883 – Holy Trinity, Shelley Road (spire completed 1887) 1885 - Ham Arch Mission, Ham Road (2005: overgrown and used as a workshop) 1885 – Baptist Church, Christchurch Road 1886 – St Andrew's, Clifton Road/Victoria Road (opened 1888) 1899 – St Matthew's, Tarring Road 1900 – Methodist Church, Steyne Gardens Source 1. St Andrew's Church, Clifton Road/Victoria Road – 1910 postcard - opened in 1888 - architect: Sir Arthur Blomfield. - building material: flint and Bath stone - architectural detail: tall narrow building of flint with decorative stone dressings, in the early English Gothic Revival style. Note the narrow single windows and pointed arches. Source 2. St Botolph's Church, corner of Manor Road and Landsdowne Road, 2005 - built in 1873, tower with spire added in 1879. - architect: Scott & Hyde (Brighton). - building material: flint and brick - architectural detail: flint with decorative red brick buttresses and dressings in early English Gothic Revival style. Patterned brickwork around the openings of the belltower. www.westsussexpast.org.uk 3 © West Sussex County Council Library Service HISTORY KS 1 and 2 Unit 12 How did life change in our locality in Victorian times? Section 4 What evidence of Victorian times remains in our area? Town Trails: Activity 3 – Worthing TEACHERS’ NOTES Source 3. Holy Trinity, Shelley Road, 1910 and 2005 - opened in 1883, tower with spire completed in 1887. - architect: Henry E. Coe and S. Robinson. - building material: red brick - architectural detail: red brick with decorative stone dressings in early English Gothic Revival style. Victorian pillar box (next to tree in lower left corner of postcard), still standing in 2005. Source 4. Methodist Chapel, Bedford Row, 2005 - opened in 1840, the Gallery was added in 1847 and the schoolroom on the north side in 1861. - architect: Charles Hide - building material: stuccoed brick - architectural detail: Egyptian style with windows and doors narrowing towards the top. In 2005, the chapel was part of the Vintner's Parrot pub. Source 5. New Street Chapel, 96 Montague Street - opened in 1861 - architect: possibly Charles Hyde - building material: stuccoed brick - architectural detail: Baptist chapel in Classical style with a triangular pediment which can still be seen above the modern shopfront. This is a good example of how some original architectural features still exist on upper storeys of buildings whose ground floor has been altered. In 2005, the chapel was a shop. www.westsussexpast.org.uk 4 © West Sussex County Council Library Service HISTORY KS 1 and 2 Unit 12 How did life change in our locality in Victorian times? Section 4 What evidence of Victorian times remains in our area? Town Trails: Activity 3 – Worthing TEACHERS’ NOTES HOTELS AND PUBS Hotels in the mid and late Victorian period often had quite elaborate designs, and the Burlington and Downview are good examples of this. Inns and pubs, which catered more for the less well-off than the wealthy traveller, were usually plainer and with less decoration, as seen in the illustrated examples. Some Victorian hotels and pubs in Worthing still existing in 2005: 1865 – Burlington Hotel, Marine Parade c1866 – Globe Inn, Newland Road c1868 – Richard Cobden, Cobden Road (originally Cobden Arms) c1868 - Montague Arms, Montague Street c1870 – The Alexandra, Lyndhurst Road (originally the Alexandra Hotel) 1874 - The Brunswick, Thorn Road (remodelled from c1839 "King and Queen") 1874 - Half Brick Inn, corner of Brighton Road and Ham Road. Rebuilt on site of earlier which was partly washed away by the sea in 1869. 1891 – Downview Hotel, Tarring Road 1893 - Dolphin Court, Grand Avenue (originally designed to be the Metropole Hotel but was not finished until 1923 when the building was completed as flats) 1898 – Grand Victorian Hotel, Railway Approach (originally Central Hotel) Source 6. The Burlington Hotel, Marine Parade, c1890 and 2005 - built in 1865 - architect: G. A. Dean - building material: stuccoed brick - architectural detail: arched windows on ground floor and first floor; dormer windows; balcony with canopy on the original south side; decorative stone brackets below the roof; decorative iron railings on first-floor windows and roof. Built as part of the West Worthing development, it was first called the Heene, then West Worthing Hotel, and was renamed the Burlington Hotel in 1890. The south front was altered in 1911. Source 7. The Downview Hotel, Tarring road, c1895 and 2005 - built in 1891, after the opening of West Worthing station in 1889. - building material: red brick - architectural detail: brick arches above first-floor sash windows (compare with Chapman's Brewery, and Twine and Sons/Barneys); large chimneys; Dutch gables. Note the contrast between the lamp post in the early photograph and the street light on the extreme right of the 2005 image. www.westsussexpast.org.uk 5 © West Sussex County Council Library Service HISTORY KS 1 and 2 Unit 12 How did life change in our locality in Victorian times? Section 4 What evidence of Victorian times remains in our area? Town Trails: Activity 3 – Worthing TEACHERS’ NOTES Source 8. The Alexandra, corner of Lyndhurst Road and Selden Road, 2005 - built c1870 as a hotel; remodelled c1898 - building material: stuccoed brick - architectural detail: elaborately decorated facade with miniature "gables"; sash windows; much decoration around windows and doors; cornices above the first-floor windows. Source 9. The Brunswick, corner of Brunswick Road and Thorn Road, 2005 - originally built c1839 as the King and Queen; remodelled in 1874 when it was renamed the Brunswick. - building material: brick - architectural detail: simple square design; plain facade with little decoration; sash windows. Source 10. The Half Brick, corner of Brighton Road and Ham Road, 1910 - originally built c1835; rebuilt in 1874 after being damaged by the sea in 1869. - building material: brick - architectural detail: simple square design; plain facade with little decoration; sash windows Note: originally built of half-bricks as an inn for the local brickmakers, hence the name. Source 11. The Richard Cobden, corner of Cobden Road and Clifton Road, 1911 and 2005 - built c1868 as the Cobden Arms - building material: stuccoed brick - architectural detail: quite plain design; cornice below first floor windows; sash windows; unusual corner doorway.