|| Volume 5 || Issue 12 || December 2020 || ISO 3297:2007 Certified ISSN (Online) 2456-3293 EXPERIMENTALLY AND INVESTIGATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF KENAF & FLAX WITH DIFFERENT COMPOSITIONS USING HAND LAYUP TECHNIQUE 1PYLA SATYA SAIRAM, 2Mr. K. SIVA RAJU 1M.Tech student, Dept.of Mechanical Engineering, Helapuri Institute of Technology and Science(Vegavaram, Denduluru (M), ELURU, West Godavari District – 534 450)Andhrapradesh. 2Internal Guide, Assistant professor, Head of the department, Dept.of Mechanical Engineering, Helapuri Institute of Technology and Science (Vegavaram, Denduluru (M), ELURU, West Godavari District – 534 450) Andhrapradesh. [email protected],[email protected] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract: A composite material is made from two or more constituent materials; having better properties compared two both two parent materials. The composite is stronger, lighter, and less expensive compared with the traditional materials. In current years composites have considerable importance as a potential operational material. Less cost, less weight , more specific modulus, biodegradability and renew ability are the most basic and common attractive features of composites that make them useful for industrial applications. With less cost, ,more specific mechanical properties natural fiber signifies a worthy renewable and biodegradable composite. Among those kenaf, flax and its hybrid fibers. The present work has been done with an objective to explore the use of kenaf fiber, flax fibre and its combinations (hybrid) are used as a reinforcement material in epoxy base, final find out the mechanical properties like tensile, hardness, impact and grain structure of kenaf fiber, flax fiber and its combination (hybrid) composites. Keywords : Kenaf fiber, Flax fiber, Hybrid Fiber, Tensile test, hardness test, Impact test, Grain structure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I INTRODUCTION electrical protection, wear resistance, warm protection A "Composite" can be defined as where two or more quality, light weight, solidness, warm conductivity, fire different materials are physically combined together. resistance, temperature-subordinate conduct, and warm Two constituent materials which are having different protection. The utilization of composite materials is very mechanical, physical and chemical properties are bonded long. These composite materials are renewable will produce a material with different characteristics biodegradable. Composite materials have good fatigue from the individual material is called a composite resistance compared to other metals. Low radar visibility material. The two constituents are reinforcement and and Molding to complex forms of composites are easy matrix .The reinforcement and matrix are the main load compared to other materials. The wide use of composite carrying elements in a composite material. This matrix materials in surface transportation is because of their can maintain the alignment of fiber, shape and from huge size. The strength-weight ratio is higher than other environmental fortify. The reinforcement can improve materials which results in the effective use of composite the strength of the material. materials in surface transportation. Resilience and good The properties of composite material are exhaustion life, productivity are the basic required qualities of a good composite material. IMPACT FACTOR 5.856 WWW.OAIJSE.COM 55 || Volume 5 || Issue 12 || December 2020 || ISO 3297:2007 Certified ISSN (Online) 2456-3293 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITES FLAX: Composite materials can be classified in various ways. Classification dependent on the geometry of an representative unit of reinforcement is advantageous since it is the geometry of the support which is answerable for the mechanical properties and superior of the composites. A typical classification is presented in table1.1. The two Figure 1Flax fiber broad classes of composites are Flax also known as linseed. Its binomial name is linum (1) Particulate composites lisitssimum. Flax comes under the family of Linacease. Flax was extensively cultivated in ancient egypt. Flax fibrous composites. (2) grows to 1.2 m tall with slender stems with 20-40 mm CLASSIFICATION OF FIBERS long and 3mm broad. The leaves are in glaucous green colour. Fibers are mainly classified into two types: KENAF: Natural fibers: coir, banana, jute, bamboo, vakka, palm, corn, kenaf,flax Kenaf is a plant in the family Malvaceae likewise called etc. Deccan hemp and Java jute. Hibiscus cannabinus is in Man made fibers or synthetic fibers: the class Hibiscus and is local to southern Asia, however carbon, boron, glass, Kevlar, graphite etc. its definite birthplace is unknown. The name additionally applies to the fiber got from this plant. Kenaf is one of NATURAL FIBERS the united strands of jute and shows comparable Food producing plants, fiber producing plants play a qualities. significant role in modern civilization. Fiber is an anatomical structure obtained from trees, stems, leaves, roots and seeds. Fibers are derived from meristematic tissue of primary or secondary origin depending on the species. Vegetable fibers consist of cellulose, lignocelluloses, hemicelluloses, pectin depending on the vegetable species. Worldwide, now a days there is a great demand for modern synthetic fibers and vegetable Figure 2 Kneaf fiber fibers for quality resistance, durability and luster. MATRIX Analysis of growth and productivity of the fiber crops are most important due to the intense competition Polymers are used as matrix materials which are also between natural and industrial fibers. The place of cotton commonly known as resins. as a fiber crop has been well documented, so this work The matrix resin occupies 30 to 40 % by volume of a concentrate mainly on vegetable fibers that are short composite material. Matrix acting as a stress transfer called as short vegetable fibers. medium and maintaining the shape of the composite Classification of Natural Fibers structure. Matrix material protects the fibers from the ambient conditions like corrosion, abrasion, humidity Generally natural fibers are sub divided into, etc. Generally epoxy, polyester, polyethylene, phenolics, Animal fibers: wool, hair, silk extracted animal fibers polystyrene, polyether-ether- ketone are used as matrix Mineral fibers: Asbestos materials. Polyester comes under thermo sets and which Vegetable fibers: woody fibers, seed fibers are having advantages of low cost, high strength, definite shelf life, low strains to failure and simple manufacturing principl1es. IMPACT FACTOR 5.856 WWW.OAIJSE.COM 56 || Volume 5 || Issue 12 || December 2020 || ISO 3297:2007 Certified ISSN (Online) 2456-3293 POLYESTER RESIN fraction of fiber for vakka fiber composite and are also Generally polyester resins can be made by Di basic more than sisal and banana composites and comparable organic acid and a dihydricalcohol. to those of bamboo composites. The flexural strength of vakka fiber composite is more than of banana composite There are two types of polyester: and is closer to sisal fiber composite. We can find the 1. Saturated polyester dielectric strength of vakka fiber composite which increases with increase in volume fraction of fiber in the 2. Unsaturated polyester composite. The dielectric strength being an additional To form the composite matrix unsaturated group of feature of vakka fiber composite can be recommended dibasic acids are used. The polyester resin is usually for electrical insulation applications. dissolved in monomer and co polymerizes with it and gives the final properties of the cured resin. Different types of polyester resins can be made by varying acid RAMANAIAH .K et al. [3] in this study the main aim and alcohol. Frequently used catalyst is methyl ethyl of this work is to examine a new natural borassus seed ketone peroxide or benzoyl peroxide. The addition of shoot fiber as reinforcement in polymers for making catalyst will cause the resin to cure. The catalyst will partially green polymer composites. The fiber present in decompose in polyester resin to form free radicals, to the composites was varied from ~ 0.116 to0.305 by initiate the polymerization. Higher temperature or more volume fraction and the analysis of mechanical the catalyst gives the faster reactions. After resin turns properties such as tensile, flexural and impact properties from liquid to brittle solid post cure is needed at higher in each part were examined. The tensile and flexural temperature. Isophthalic polyesters gives excellent strength of Borassus seed shoot fiber composite had been environment resistance and improved mechanical improvement to 77.1%and112.6% respectively over pure properties than orthophthalic polyesters. matrix. The fracture measured in impact at maximum volume fraction of fiber is found to be 88.54 J/m. II LITERATURE REVIEW C AJAY SRINIVAS et al. [1] in this paper we can find the interest of creator’s ideology in the utilization of G.DILLI BABU et al. [4] in this paper the main study natural fibers. Rapid increase in the utilization of natural relates to favourable mechanical and machining composite fibers in industrial applications as an properties of luffa fiber in thermoplastic matrix alternative to fiber reinforced composites makes this composite and an experimental analysis of mechanical study more effective. Low in cost, good mechanical and