Basic Seismic Utilities User's Guide Dr. P. Michaels, PE 30 April 2002 <[email protected]> Release 1.0 Version 1 Software for Engineering Geophysics Center for Geophysical Investigation of the Shallow Subsurface Boise State University Boise, Idaho 83725 2 Acknowledgements I have built on the work of many others in the development of this package. I would like to thank Enders A. Robinson and the Holden-Day Inc., Liquidation Trust (1259 S.W. 14th Street, Boca Raton, FL 33486, Phone: 561.750-9229 Fax: 561.394.6809) for license to include and distribute under the GNU license subroutines found in Dr. Robinson’s 1967 book [14] , Multichannel time series analysis with digital computer programs. This book is currently out of print, but contains a wealth of algorithms, several of which I have found useful and included in the BSU Fortran77 subroutine library (sublib4.a). This has saved me considerable time. In other cases, subroutines taken from the book Numerical Recipes [12] had to be replaced (the publisher did not give permission to distribute). While this is an excellent book, and very instructional for those interested in the theory of the algorithms, future authors of software should know that the algorithms given in that book are NOT GNU. Replacement software was found in the GNU Scientific Library (GSL), and in the CMLIB. The original plotting software was from PGPLOT (open source, but distribution restricted). These codes have since been replaced with GNU compliant PLPLOT routines. PLPLOT credits include Dr. Maurice LeBrun <[email protected]> and Geoffrey Furnish <[email protected]>. Where there was a need to solve for eigenvalues, or invert a matrix, I have relied on LAPACK. This excel- lent package is well worth installing, and I acknowledge the contributions of the many authors of LAPACK. In the program, gplt.c, I have used some code from the PBMPLUS Toolkit (GNU image software), and would like to thank those authors for their material ( David Rowley <[email protected]> and Jef Poskanzer < [email protected]> ). Lastly, the author acknowledges financial support over the years from various clients. Financial support in- cluded that provided by grant DAAH04-96-1-0318 from the U.S. Army Research Office. Views and conclusions contained herein are those of the author and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official poli- cies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Office or the U.S. Government. Other support has been provided by the Idaho State Board of Education, Boise State University Sabbatical Committee, Idaho Transportation Department, and Idaho Power. Again, views and conclusions contained herein are those of the author and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the views of those who have provided the author support. Copyright BSU is Copyright c 2002 Paul Michaels <[email protected]> . These programs are free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. These programs are distributed in the hope that they will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with these programs; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. A copy of the GNU license also appears in Section 12 of this guide. CONTENTS 3 Contents 1 Description of BSU 6 2 Obtaining BSU 6 2.1 Other Required Packages . 6 2.1.1 PLPLOT . 6 2.1.2 LAPACK . 7 2.2 Other Optional Packages . 8 2.2.1 GNU Scientific Library (GSL) . 8 2.2.2 CMLIB . 8 2.2.3 CLAPACK (if you don’t have GSL) . 8 2.2.4 Scilab . 8 2.2.5 Seismic Unix . 9 2.2.6 Xfig . 9 3 Installing PLPLOT 9 3.1 Installing PLPLOT Tar Archive . 9 3.2 Installing PLPLOT using RPM . 10 3.2.1 Installing the compiled (binary) RPM . 10 3.2.2 Installing the source RPM and build a binary RPM . 10 4 Installing LAPACK 10 4.1 Installing LAPACK Tar Archive . 10 4.2 Installing LAPACK using RPM . 10 4.2.1 Installing the compiled (binary) RPM . 11 4.2.2 Installing the source RPM and build a binary RPM . 11 5 Installing BSU 11 5.1 Installing the BSU Tar Archive . 11 5.2 Installing the BSU Binary RPM . 12 5.3 Installing the BSU Source RPM . 13 5.4 Post Installation . 14 5.4.1 Update the whatis and apropos data base. 14 5.4.2 Review documentation. 14 6 Programming in BSU 14 6.1 Programming Guidelines . 14 6.2 Conventions and Process Flow Description . 15 6.2.1 File Naming Conventions . 15 6.2.2 Input Parameter Conventions . 15 6.2.3 Process Flow, Fortran77 Codes . 16 6.2.4 Process Flow, C-Language Codes . 17 6.2.5 Locations of Functions and Subroutines . 18 CONTENTS 4 7 BSU Documentation 18 7.1 Command Line Help . 18 7.2 The bhelp Program . 18 7.3 BSU Man Pages . 19 7.4 BSU User’s Guide . 19 8 Using BSU 19 8.1 Down-hole Seismic Processing . 20 8.1.1 Seismic Source (SH- and P-wave) . 20 8.1.2 Down-hole and Reference Geophones . 20 8.1.3 Sample Data Set from GeoLogan97 . 23 8.1.4 Converting Bison Files to BSEGY Format and Setting Geometry . 23 8.1.4.1 Post genvsp processing steps . 26 8.1.5 Determining Down-hole Tool Orientation by PCA . 26 8.1.6 Inserting the PCA Results to the Trace Headers ( btor ) . 28 8.1.7 Checking the Headers for Source and Geophone Polarizations ( bdump ) . 30 8.1.8 Rotating the Horizontal Data into Alignment with Source ( genbrot and brot ) . 31 8.1.8.1 Post brot processing steps . 32 8.1.9 Sorting and Merging to Common Receiver Component Gathers . 32 8.1.10 Edit Merge Script for the Specific Down-hole Survey . 32 8.1.11 Description of the Merge Procedure. 33 8.1.12 Plotting the Results from Merge . 34 8.1.13 Picking First Arrivals . 36 8.1.13.1 Quality control of picks . 37 8.1.14 Vertical Time and Observed Travel Time Inversion (vfitw.sci, vplot.sci, bvsp) . 37 8.1.15 Determination of Stiffness and Damping . 39 8.1.15.1 Governing Differential Equation . 39 8.1.15.2 Measurement of Velocity Dispersion (bvas) . 40 8.1.15.3 Measurement of Inelastic Amplitude Decay (bamp) . 42 8.1.15.4 Recording Aperture and the Selection of Filter Bandwidth for bvas and bamp . 44 8.1.15.5 Inversion for Stiffness and Damping (cainv3.sci) . 45 8.1.16 Plotting Inversion Results (caplot3.sci) . 46 8.1.16.1 Post caplot3.sci processing. 46 8.2 Seismic Refraction Processing . 48 8.2.1 The Refraction Data . 48 8.2.2 Converting the Bison File to BSEGY, Setting Geometry (topcon, bis2seg, bhed) . 48 8.2.2.1 Contents of the gogeom script. 50 8.2.3 Picking First Breaks . 51 8.2.4 Building the System of Delay Time Equations ( bref ) . 51 8.2.4.1 Running bref . 52 8.2.4.2 Conventions: Structure of Gxxxx matrix . 52 8.2.4.3 Conventions: Structure of Dxxxx vector . 53 8.2.4.4 Editing the Gxxxx and Dxxxx files . 53 8.2.5 Running the Delay Time Inversion (delaytm.sci and delaytmplot.sci) . 54 8.3 Solution to Lamb’s Problem (lamb) . 57 8.3.1 Running Program lamb . 57 8.3.1.1 The itype argument in lamb. 58 8.3.1.2 The pol argument in lamb. 58 CONTENTS 5 8.3.1.3 The stab argument in lamb. 59 8.3.1.4 Examples of lamb . 59 8.4 Elastodynamic Solution Near and Far Field (bnfd) . 61 8.4.0.5 Example of bnfd . 61 9 Appendix A (bhelp listing) 62 10 Appendix B (Merge-all) 67 11 Appendix C (Merge2) 72 12 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 74 13 References 79 14 Index 79 1 DESCRIPTION OF BSU 6 1 Description of BSU Basic Seismic Utilities (BSU) is a collection of seismic signal processing programs written in Fortran 77 and the C- language. Also included in the package are some modeling programs (computation of the near-field, and solution to Lamb’s problem). The binary file format of BSU (BSEGY) is derived from SEG-Y (omit the reel header, 240.