Grammar ® Lexia Lessons LEVEL 7 Infinitives PREPARE CONCEPT Verbals are verbs in a sentence VOCABULARY infinitive that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. MATERIALS Lesson reproducibles There are three kinds of verbals: participles, gerunds, and infinitives. Infinitives are made up of the word to + a verb (She loves to read) and function as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Understanding verbals develops the metalanguage that can be used to think and talk about language and to improve reading comprehension and writing skills. INSTRUCT ANCHOR CHART [Display Reproducible page 1.] • Introduce the Concept of this lesson. (See above.) • Review the functions and examples of infinitives on the Anchor Chart. • Review the definitions of a noun, adjective, and adverb. o Noun: a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. o Adjective: a word that describes a noun and answers what kind, how many, or which one. o Adverb: a word that describes a verb and tells how, when, where, or to what degree. PRACTICE [Display Reproducible page 2, Finding Infinitives, Part A.] • Read the directions with students. • Prompt: Where in the sentence does a verb follow the word to? Is the infinitive acting as an adjective, adverb, or noun? How do you know? [Display Reproducible page 2, Infinitive Switch, Part B.] . ® • Read the directions with students. • Prompt: What is the underlined word in the sentence? What is the infinitive form of the word? How can you rewrite the sentence with the infinitive so it makes sense? PowerUp Literacy ® [Display Reproducible page 3, Writing with Infinitives, Part C.] • Read the directions with students. • Prompt: What is the infinitive form of the verb? What sentence can you write using the infinitive form of the verb? [Display Reproducible page 3, Working with Infinitives, Part D.] • Read the directions with students. Prompt: Where in the sentence does a verb follow the word to? Is the infinitive acting as an This material is a component of Lexia © 2020 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company. © 2020 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company. All other rights reserved. Not for resale. Reprinted for classroom use only. • adjective, adverb, or noun? How do you know? continued on next page Lesson page 1 ® Lexia Lessons Grammar Level 7: Infinitives [Display Reproducible page 4, Identifying Verbals, Part E.] • Read the directions with students. • Prompt: What is the verbal in the sentence? Does the verb end in -ing or -ed? Is the verb acting as a noun in the sentence? Is the verb acting as part of the verb or as an adjective? Does the verb come after the word to? ★ Note that an Answer Key is available for teacher reference below. ANSWER KEY FOR TEACHER REFERENCE [Blank student copies are found on Reproducible page 2 & 3.] [Reproducible page 2, Finding Infinitives, Part A] [Reproducible page 2, Infinitive Switch, Part B] 2. To drive is the best feeling of freedom. 3. The team voted to elect a new captain. Michael does not like to eat mushrooms. To sleep is good for you. 4. Johnny wanted to learn in his English class. I can’t afford to dine out tonight. 5. They drove home early to sleep. To dream can be fun. 6. To help others is an important goal. To laugh is good for your health. To fix a computer requires skill. 7. The players practiced hard to win the championship. [Reproducible page 3, Writing with Infinitives, Part C] [Reproducible page 3, Working with Infinitives, Part D] Student answers may vary. Claire wants to know her mother’s recipes. Brian tried to cook hamburgers. It is important to learn the alphabet. Most plants need sunshine and water to grow. My students like to teach me how to rap. ® Lauren wants to be a doctor. PowerUp Literacy ® [Reproducible page 4, Identifying Verbals, Part E] This material is a component of Lexia © 2020 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company. © 2020 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company. All other rights reserved. Not for resale. Reprinted for classroom use only. Lesson page 2 ® Lexia Lessons Grammar Level 7: Infinitives ANCHOR CHART Verbals Verbals are verbs that function as other parts of speech. Participles Gerunds Infinitives Function as part of the Function as a noun Function as a noun, verb or as an adjective adjective, or adverb verb + -ing or -ed verb + -ing to + verb Part of a perfect verb: Noun: Noun: They had moved away. Mom’s cooking impressed To question is an effective our company. strategy when reading a Spiders have scurried difficult text. across the ceiling. The judge called my singing superb! Adjective: Adjective: The car to own is the one He scoured the printed Stretching increases that never needs repair. page for clues. flexibility and reduces stress. Adverb: The children arrived with They returned to the hotel the smell of the baking to change. muffins. ® PowerUp Literacy ® This material is a component of Lexia © 2020 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company. © 2020 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company. All other rights reserved. Not for resale. Reprinted for classroom use only. Reproducible page 1 ® Lexia Lessons Grammar Level 7: Infinitives PRACTICE Finding Infinitives A. Read the sentence. Then, circle the infinitive. The words “to + verb” show that this verbal is an infinitive. 1. I liked to visit my grandmother’s house when I was younger. 2. To drive is the best feeling of freedom. 3. The team voted to elect a new captain. 4. Johnny wanted to learn in his English class. 5. They drove home early to sleep. 6. To help others is an important goal. 7. The players practiced hard to win the championship. Infinitive Switch B. Read the sentence. Then, rewrite the sentence by replacing the underlined word with its infinitive form. 1. Abigail likes jogging. Abigail likes to jog. 2. Michael does not like eating mushrooms. 3. Sleeping is good for you. 4. I can’t afford dining out tonight. ® 5. Dreaming can be fun. PowerUp Literacy 6. Laughing is good for your health. ® 7. Fixing a computer requires skill. This material is a component of Lexia © 2020 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company. © 2020 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company. All other rights reserved. Not for resale. Reprinted for classroom use only. Reproducible page 2 ® Lexia Lessons Grammar Level 7: Infinitives PRACTICE (CONTINUED) Writing with Infinitives C. Write a sentence using the infinitive form of the verb provided. Then, underline the infinitive. 1. jump Cohen wants to jump on the trampoline. 2. know 3. cook 4. learn 5. grow 6. teach 7. be Working with Infinitives D. Read the sentence and underline the infinitive. Then, circle the part of speech that the infinitive is acting as. 1. To learn is very important. adjective adverb noun 2. To sing is my brother’s dream. adjective adverb noun 3. Emily finally arrived to work. adjective adverb noun . ® 4. The movie theater is the place to go on Friday night. adjective adverb noun 5. The player to watch is number forty-four. adjective adverb noun PowerUp Literacy ® 6. To cruise on a skateboard is difficult. adjective adverb noun 7. The teacher returned to check the student’s answers. adjective adverb noun This material is a component of Lexia © 2020 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company. © 2020 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company. All other rights reserved. Not for resale. Reprinted for classroom use only. Reproducible page 3 ® Lexia Lessons Grammar Level 7: Infinitives PRACTICE (CONTINUED) Identifying Verbals E. Read the sentence and underline the verbal. Then, circle whether the verbal is a participle, a gerund, or an infinitive. 1. He likes to go to the beach in the afternoon. participle gerund infinitive 2. The screaming baby is very hungry. participle gerund infinitive 3. To read is an important life skill. participle gerund infinitive 4. Noel likes baking cookies for her friends. participle gerund infinitive 5. Samantha gives all of her effort to dancing. participle gerund infinitive 6. The students returned to learn about space. participle gerund infinitive 7. George was standing at the bus stop. participle gerund infinitive . ® PowerUp Literacy ® This material is a component of Lexia © 2020 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company. © 2020 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company. All other rights reserved. Not for resale. Reprinted for classroom use only. Reproducible page 4.