SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY FOR THE SALLUM MARINE PROTECTED AREA IN EGYPT The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP/MAP-RAC/SPA concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of UNEP/MAP-RAC/SPA. Published by: RAC/SPA Copyright: © 2015 - RAC/SPA Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. For bibliographic purposes, this volume may be cited as: RAC/SPA - UNEP/MAP, 2015. Socio-economic study for the Sallum Marine Protected Area in Egypt. By Hanaa EL GOHARY and Mahmoud FOUAD, Environics, Environment and Development Advisors. Ed. RAC/SPA - MedMPAnet Project, Tunis: 58 p + annexes. Layout: Zine El Abidine MAHJOUB and Asma KHERIJI. Cover photo credit: RAC/SPA, EEAA, Environics. Photos credits : RAC/SPA, EEAA, Environics. This document has been elaborated within the framework of the Regional Project for the Development of a Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Protected Areas (MPAs) Network through the boosting of Mediterranean MPAs Creation and Management (MedMPAnet Project). The MedMPAnet Project is implemented in the framework of the UNEP/MAP-GEF MedPartnership, with the financial support of EC, AECID and FFEM. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY FOR THE SALLUM MARINE PROTECTED AREA IN EGYPT Regional Project for the Development of a Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Protected Areas (MPAs) Network through the boosting of MPA creation and management Study required and financed by: 2 REA Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA) A Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat B.P. 337 1080 Tunis Cedex - Tunisia ARINE PROTECTED ARINE PROTECTED In charge of the study : M Souha EL ASMI, MedMPAnet Project, RAC/SPA Atef LIMAM, MedMPAnet Project, RAC/SPA Mohamed Said ABDELWARITH, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (Egypt) Mohamed BESAR, Manager of Sallum MPA (Egypt) Responsible of the study : Hanaa EL GOHary, Social Expert, Environics, Environment and Development Advisors (Egypt) Mahmoud FOUAD, Marine Ecologist and Nature Conservation Consultant, Environics, Environment and Development Advisors (Egypt) SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY OF SALLUM OF SALLUM SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY With the great contribution of : Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (Egypt) General Authority for Fish Resources Development (Egypt) Council of Sallum City (Egypt) Reference of the study: Contract n° 02/MedMPAnet/2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 3 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 13 S 2. Review of literature ................................................................................................................................................. 15 3. Methodology and approach .................................................................................................................................... 19 ONTENT C 3.1. Secondary data sources .............................................................................................................................................. 19 3.2. Primary data sources .................................................................................................................................................. 20 ABLE OF 3.2.1. Site visits and field observations ............................................................................................................................ 20 T 3.2.2. Photography ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.3. Key Informant Interviews ..................................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.4. Focus Group Discussions ..................................................................................................................................... 21 3.3. Qualitative data analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 22 3.3.1. Notes of meetings and interviews ......................................................................................................................... 22 3.3.2. Writing up discussions .......................................................................................................................................... 22 3.3.3. Analysing qualitative content ................................................................................................................................ 22 3.3.4. Coding ................................................................................................................................................................. 22 3.3.5. Filing .................................................................................................................................................................... 22 3.3.6. Using quotations .................................................................................................................................................. 22 4. Marsa Matrouh Governorate ................................................................................................................................... 25 4.1. The local context ....................................................................................................................................................... 25 4.2. Population composition in Marsa Matrouh ............................................................................................................... 27 4.3. Sallum City ............................................................................................................................................................... 28 4.4. Sallum MPA .............................................................................................................................................................. 30 5. Legislative framework ............................................................................................................................................. 33 5.1. National legislation ................................................................................................................................................... 33 5.2. International agreements ........................................................................................................................................... 33 6. Local livelihoods and land-based activities ............................................................................................................. 35 6.1. Fisheries .................................................................................................................................................................... 35 6.1.1. Fishing boats and equipment ................................................................................................................................ 36 6.1.2. Fishing effort ........................................................................................................................................................ 37 6.1.3. Fishing challenges ................................................................................................................................................. 39 6.2. Migrant birds hunting ............................................................................................................................................... 39 6.2.1. Hunting methods and equipment ........................................................................................................................ 39 6.2.2. Hunting areas and effort ....................................................................................................................................... 40 6.2.3. Hunting challenges ............................................................................................................................................... 41 6.3.Traditional activities versus newly introduced activities ............................................................................................... 41 6.3.1. Interface trading ................................................................................................................................................... 42 6.3.2. Grazing ................................................................................................................................................................ 42 6.3.3. Government professions ....................................................................................................................................... 43 6.3.4. Agriculture ..........................................................................................................................................................