Malaya Journal of Matematik, Vol. S, No. 1, 46-56, 2021 https://doi.org/10.26637/MJMS2101/0009 Performance evaluation & rankings of players in IPL 2019 by DEA & SEM Arijit Ghosh1, Munmun Dey2, Banhi Guha3, Subrata Jana4 and Anirban Sarkar5 Abstract The quantitative study of sports data, especially cricket team sport is an interesting field. This paper investigates the efficiency of batsmen, bowlers and all-rounder who participated in the Indian Premier League competition 2019. First, input data and output data were validated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and then Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a Linear Programming (LP) based technique was used for evaluating the efficiency measurement of the batsmen, bowlers and all-rounder by ranking them on the basis of DEA Scores. The Auction Price was also taken as a parameter for evaluating the value for money spent on each player. The ranking without auction price is based solely on Cricketing parameters. Cricketing parameters along with Auction price depicts the ranking from the context of value for money. The results assist the decision makers in figuring out the position of the players on the basis of Cricketing performance as well as Cricketing return based on the money invested. This is the first study applying DEA and SEM to rank batsmen, bowlers and all-rounder in IPL 2019. This model has been validated with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The uniqueness of the study lies in the fact that both cricketing performance on the ground by the players and the return on money invested on those players have been taken into consideration individually and collectively for ranking. Keywords Quantitative study, Efficiency, Modeling, IPL Competition, Skill. 1 St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata. 2 Department of Commerce, Vivekananda Mission Mahavidyalaya, West Bengal, India. 3Amity University, Kolkata. 4Seacom Engineering College, Howrah. 5Department of Commerce & Management, West Bengal State University, Barasat. 1 [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; 5anirban [email protected]. Article History: Received 01 December 2020; Accepted 28 January 2021 c 2021 MJM. Contents 6.3 Analysis of Performance of All-rounder...... 54 7 Conclusions, Limitations & Future scope.........55 1 Introduction........................................46 1.1 ICC Player Rankings................... 47 References.........................................55 1.2 IPL Player Rankings.................... 48 2 Literature Survey...................................48 1. Introduction 3 Novelities...........................................49 Indian Premier League (IPL) is a franchise-based T-20 cricket competition launched by BCCI on 13th September, 2007 with 4 Methodology........................................49 a grandiloquent celebration in April, 2008. Lots of money, 4.1 Structural Equation Model (SEM).......... 49 big corporate and celebrities are involved in this tournament. 4.2 Data Envelopment Analysis.............. 49 Eight teams play one another twice in a home and away for- 5 Data.................................................50 mat. Eventually, the top ranking teams of round robin league qualify for the play offs. From the league phase the highest 6 Results & Analysis.................................51 ranking two teams play against each other, which is called first 6.1 Analysis of Performance of Batsmen........ 51 qualifying match, the winner of this match goes to the IPL 6.2 Analysis of Performance of Bowlers........ 53 final and the loser gets second chance to qualify for the IPL Performance evaluation & rankings of players in IPL 2019 by DEA & SEM — 47/56 final by playing another match called second qualifier. From • The level of run-scoring in the match- If both teams league phase the 3rd and 4th team play against each other score 500runs in respective innings, then the computer and the winner plays the loser of the first qualifying match. rates it as a high scoring match, and hence 100 runs Eventually in the IPL final match the two winners from the scored by a player in this innings is worth lesser than second and the first qualifying match play the final and the 100 runs scored in a low scoring match in which both winner receives the IPL trophy. teams score just 150 runs. Similarly, if a team scores The IPL auction is a gala event every year garnering a lot of 500runs in the first innings and 200runs in the second enthusiasm among the worldwide cricket fans. Each of the innings, a century in the second innings will get more eight teams is given a budget of Rs.85 crore to complete their credit than in the first innings as the general level of run squads with a maximum of 25 players including a maximum scoring was higher in the first innings. of 8 overseas players. Before the auction begins, the teams are given an opportunity to retain the players from last season. • The result of the match- If a player has scored more The budget that remains after the retention process is then runs in a match, in which his team wins then he gets spent in the auction. A team can retain a maximum of five bonus points. Further, bonus points will be more if players through a combination of pre-auction retention and the victory is against a strong team. For example, win ‘Right To Match’ (RTM) Cards. A maximum of three capped bonus against the present Australian team is higher than India players and two capped overseas players can be retained the bonus against Bangladesh team. by each team. The RTM allows a player’s previous team • Out or not out -A not out innings receives a bonus as in to match any winning bid for the player that they have just Test match wickets matter more than in ODI. released. Often teams releases a player with the intention of signing him back at a cheaper price using a ‘Right To Match’ • At which juncture the runs are scored- If a player score card. runs when his team is in crisis, then player gets more The players that go under the hammer are first grouped by rating points. their specialty into categories of batsmen, all-rounder, wicket- keepers, fast bowlers and spinners who are auctioned sepa- For a bowler, the factors that are important to decide his rately. Players who sign up for the auction, set their base price, ranking include: and are bought by the highest bidder. The unsold players go • Wickets taken and runs conceded. back and can be brought back in the final phase of the auc- tions if the franchises want them. Final unsold players at the • Ratings of the batsmen dismissed- For example, at auction are eligible to be signed up as replacement signings present Kohli holds the number one rank in the Test, so either before or during the tournament. his wicket will carry more rating points to bowlers than the wicket of Jaspreet Bumrah. 1.1 ICC Player Rankings • The level of run-scoring in the match- Consider in an in- The ICC Player Rankings uses a complicated moving average nings, the Australian team has scored 350 runs and Bhu- where the players are rated on a scale of 0 to 1000 points. vneshwar Kumar took three wickets for 50 runs (3-50) If a player’s performance improves over his past record, his and in another innings, Australian team scored 180 runs points increase and if his performance declines against his and Hardik Pandya took 3-50. So Bhuvneshwar Ku- past accomplishment he loses his points. The value of each mar will get more rating points than Pandya because he player’s performance within every match is calculated using has conceded 50 runs in a high scoring match whereas a pre-programmed algorithm, based on objective evaluation Pandya has spent 50 runs in a low scoring match of just of various circumstances in the match. The Test ratings are 180 runs. updated within 12 hours after each Test match and ODI ratings are updated at the end of each ODI series. Each individual • Heavy workload - bowlers who bowl a large number player’s performance is given a different score for every single of overs in the match get some credit for the heavy match. workload, even if they take no wickets; Test Match Rankings • The result of the match-Bowlers who take a lot of wick- For a batsman, the following factors are considered while ets in a match in which his team wins, receive a bonus. calculating the total points: That bonus will be higher if it is against a highly rated • Runs scored i.e., more runs means more bonus points opposition teams. • Bowlers who do not bowl in a high-scoring innings are • Strength of the opposing bowling attack- the higher the penalized. combined ratings of the opposition’s bowling attack, proportionately more value is given to the batsman’s The players’ ratings are calculated by combining their weighted innings. performance in the latest match with their previous rating. 47 Performance evaluation & rankings of players in IPL 2019 by DEA & SEM — 48/56 This new ‘weighted average’ is then converted into points. points for each player will be calculated. However, there is Though recent accomplishments have more weightage than lack of evidence on selection of the few chosen parameters earlier performances in his career, all his performances are and the basis of determination of the points allocated for each taken into account while calculating the rating points. Players parameters. Hence, there is a need to devise a simplified and who miss a Test match for their country, for whatever reason, logical model for ranking the performance of the cricketers lose one per cent of their points. in the IPL. The model suggested in this paper is a simplified New players start at zero points, and need to establish them- structure for measuring the player’s performance in one of the selves before they get full ratings.