EPA Document# EPA-740-R-20-010 August 2020 United States Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Final Scope of the Risk Evaluation for Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP) CASRN 115-86-6 August 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................6 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................9 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................12 2 SCOPE OF THE EVALUATION ...................................................................................................12 2.1 Reasonably Available Information ..............................................................................................12 Search of Gray Literature ...................................................................................................... 13 Search of Literature from Publicly Available Databases (Peer-Reviewed Literature) .......... 14 Search of TSCA Submissions ................................................................................................ 24 2.2 Conditions of Use ........................................................................................................................24 Categories and Subcategories of Conditions of Use Included in the Scope of the Risk Evaluation .............................................................................................................................. 25 Activities Excluded from the Scope of the Risk Evaluation ................................................. 27 Production Volume ................................................................................................................ 28 Overview of Conditions of Use and Lifecycle Diagram ....................................................... 28 2.3 Exposures ....................................................................................................................................30 Physical and Chemical Properties ......................................................................................... 30 Environmental Fate and Transport ........................................................................................ 32 Releases to the Environment ................................................................................................. 32 Environmental Exposures ...................................................................................................... 32 Occupational Exposures ........................................................................................................ 33 Consumer Exposures ............................................................................................................. 34 General Population Exposures ............................................................................................... 34 2.4 Hazards (Effects) .........................................................................................................................35 Environmental Hazards ......................................................................................................... 35 Human Health Hazards .......................................................................................................... 35 2.5 Potentially Exposed or Susceptible Subpopulations ...................................................................35 2.6 Conceptual Models ......................................................................................................................36 Conceptual Model for Industrial and Commercial Activities and Uses ................................ 36 Conceptual Model for Consumer Activities and Uses .......................................................... 38 Conceptual Model for Environmental Releases and Wastes: Potential Exposures and Hazards .................................................................................................................................. 40 2.7 Analysis Plan ...............................................................................................................................42 Physical and Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate .................................................. 42 Exposure ................................................................................................................................ 43 2.7.2.1 Environmental Releases ................................................................................................. 43 2.7.2.2 Environmental Exposures ............................................................................................... 45 2.7.2.3 Occupational Exposures ................................................................................................. 46 2.7.2.4 Consumer Exposures ...................................................................................................... 48 2.7.2.5 General Population ......................................................................................................... 49 Hazards (Effects) ................................................................................................................... 51 2.7.3.1 Environmental Hazards .................................................................................................. 51 2.7.3.2 Human Health Hazards ................................................................................................... 53 2 Summary of Risk Approaches for Characterization .............................................................. 55 2.8 Peer Review .................................................................................................................................56 REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................................57 APPENDICES ..........................................................................................................................................62 ABBREVIATED METHODS FOR SEARCHING AND SCREENING ................... 62 A.1.1 Search Term Genesis and Chemical Verification ...................................................................62 A.1.2 Publicly Available Database Searches ....................................................................................63 A.1.2.1 Query Strings for the Publicly Available Database Searches on TPP .............................63 A.1.2.2 Data Prioritization for Environmental Hazard, Human Health Hazard, Fate and Physical Chemistry ................................................................................................................67 A.1.2.3 Data Prioritization for Occupational Exposures and Environmental Releases and General Population, Consumer and Environmental Exposures ..............................68 A.2.1 Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria ...................................................................................................69 A.2.1.1 PECO for Environmental and Human Health Hazards ...................................................69 A.2.1.2 PECO for Consumer, Environmental, and General Population Exposures .....................71 A.2.1.3 RESO for Occupational Exposure and Environmental Releases ....................................72 A.2.1.4 PESO for Fate and Transport ..........................................................................................74 A.2.1.5 Generation of Hazard Heat Maps ....................................................................................76 A.3.1 Screening of Gray Literature ..................................................................................................77 A.3.2 Initial Screening of Sources using Decision Logic Tree ........................................................78 A.3.3 TSCA Submission Searching and Title Screening .................................................................79 A.3.4 Gray Literature Search Results for TPP .................................................................................80 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES .......................................................... 83 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES ............................ 84 REGULATORY HISTORY .......................................................................................... 86 PROCESS, RELEASE AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE INFORMATION .. 91 E.1.1 Manufacturing (Including Import) ..........................................................................................91 E.1.1.1 Domestic Manufacture ....................................................................................................91 E.1.1.2 Import ..............................................................................................................................91 E.1.2 Processing and Distribution ....................................................................................................91 E.1.2.1 Incorporation into a Formulation, Mixture or Reaction Product .....................................91 E.1.2.2 Incorporation into an Article ...........................................................................................91 E.1.2.3 Recycling .........................................................................................................................91