<p><strong>JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA </strong></p><p><strong>A QUICK&nbsp;REFERENCE FOR MAGISTRATES </strong><br><strong>IN THE DISTRICT COURTS AND COURTS OF </strong><br><strong>RESIDENT MAGISTRATES IN TANZANIA </strong></p><p><strong>Published by Judiciary of Tanzania with the support of the World Bank </strong><br><strong>January, 2019 </strong></p><p><strong>A QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE FOR MAGISTRATES </strong><br><strong>IN THE DISTRICT COURTS AND COURTS OF </strong><br><strong>RESIDENT MAGISTRATES IN TANZANIA </strong></p><p><strong>PUBLISHED BY THE JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA </strong><br><strong>WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE WORLD BANK </strong></p><p><strong>JANUARY, 2019 </strong></p><p>i</p><p><strong>TABLE OF CONTENTS </strong></p><p><a href="#14_0">LIST OF CASE</a><a href="#14_0">S</a><a href="#14_0">.</a><a href="#14_0">.................................................................................xi </a><a href="#26_0">FOREWORD................................................................................... xxiii </a><a href="#28_0">ACKNOWLEDGMENT ......................................................................</a><a href="#28_0">.</a><a href="#28_0">x</a><a href="#28_0">xv </a><a href="#30_0">ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................xxvii </a><a href="#0_0">ADVISORY..................................................................................... xxix </a><a href="#0_1">CHAPTER ON</a><a href="#0_1">E</a><a href="#0_1">.</a><a href="#0_1">.................................................................................. 1 </a><a href="#0_2">CIVIL PRACTICE AND PROCEDUR</a><a href="#0_2">E</a><a href="#0_2">.</a><a href="#0_2">.................................................... 1 </a><a href="#0_3">1.0: Basic Principles of Administration of Justice .................................. 1 </a><a href="#0_4">1.1: Overriding Objective.................................................................... 1 </a><a href="#0_1">1.2: Establishment</a><a href="#0_1">&nbsp;</a><a href="#0_1">of District Courts and Courts of Resident Magistrates </a><br><a href="#0_1">........................................................................................................ 3 </a></p><p><a href="#0_5">1.3: Jurisdiction in Genera</a><a href="#0_5">l</a><a href="#0_5">.</a><a href="#0_5">................................................................ 4 </a><br><a href="#0_6">1.3.1: Place of suing........................................................................ 4 </a><a href="#0_7">1.3.2: Original Jurisdiction ............................................................... 5 </a><a href="#0_8">1.3.3: Territorial Jurisdiction ............................................................ 5 </a><a href="#0_9">1.3.4: Pecuniary Jurisdiction ............................................................ 5 </a><a href="#0_10">1.3.5: Extended Jurisdictio</a><a href="#0_10">n</a><a href="#0_10">.</a><a href="#0_10">............................................................ 6 </a><a href="#0_11">1.3.6: Supervisory Magistrate........................................................... 7 </a><a href="#0_12">1.3.7: Honorary Magistrat</a><a href="#0_12">e</a><a href="#0_12">.</a><a href="#0_12">............................................................. 7 </a><a href="#0_13">1.3.8: Concurrent Jurisdiction .......................................................... 7 </a><br><a href="#0_14">1.4: Parties to suit</a><a href="#0_14">s</a><a href="#0_14">.</a><a href="#0_14">........................................................................... 8 </a><a href="#0_15">1.5: The Institution of suits ................................................................ 8 </a></p><p>i</p><p><a href="#0_16">1.5.1: The plaint ............................................................................. 8 </a><a href="#0_17">1.5.2: Representative suits .............................................................. 9 </a><br><a href="#0_18">1.6: Issue and service of summon</a><a href="#0_18">s</a><a href="#0_18">.</a><a href="#0_18">.................................................... 9 </a><a href="#0_19">1.7: Written statement of defence and counter clai</a><a href="#0_19">m</a><a href="#0_19">.</a><a href="#0_19">........................ 10 </a><br><a href="#0_20">1.7.1: Written statement of defenc</a><a href="#0_20">e</a><a href="#0_20">.</a><a href="#0_20">.............................................. 10 </a><a href="#0_21">1.7.2: Counter claim (a cross-suit) ................................................. 10 </a><a href="#0_22">1.7.3: Extension of time ................................................................ 10 </a><a href="#0_23">1.7.4: Preliminary objection ........................................................... 10 </a><a href="#0_24">1.7.5: Res judicat</a><a href="#0_24">a</a><a href="#0_24">.</a><a href="#0_24">....................................................................... 11 </a><a href="#0_25">1.7.6: Amendment of pleadings ..................................................... 11 </a><br><a href="#0_26">1.8: Appearance of parties and consequences of non appearance....... 11 </a><a href="#0_27">1.9: Ex-parte hearing and judgment ................................................. 12 </a><a href="#0_1">1.10: Judgment on admissio</a><a href="#0_1">n</a><a href="#0_1">.</a><a href="#0_1">.......................................................... 13 </a><a href="#0_28">1.11: Temporary injunction, declaratory orders and interlocutory orders </a><br><a href="#0_28">...................................................................................................... 13 </a></p><p><a href="#0_29">1.11.1: Temporary Injunction ........................................................ 13 </a><a href="#0_2">1.11.2: Interlocutory order ............................................................ 14 </a><br><a href="#0_30">1.12: Pre - trial scheduling conference and final pre </a><a href="#0_30">–</a><a href="#0_30">trial conferenc</a><a href="#0_30">e</a><a href="#0_30">. </a><a href="#0_30">1</a><a href="#0_30">4 </a><a href="#0_31">1.13: Disqualification/recusal of a magistrate..................................... 15 </a><a href="#0_32">1.14: Framing of issue</a><a href="#0_32">s</a><a href="#0_32">.</a><a href="#0_32">................................................................... 17 </a><a href="#0_33">1.15: Adjournments ......................................................................... 18 </a><a href="#0_34">1.16: Transfer of cases .................................................................... 18 </a><a href="#0_35">1.17: Hearing and examination of witnesses...................................... 19 </a></p><p>ii </p><p><a href="#0_36">1.18: Arrest and attachment before judgment ................................... 20 </a><a href="#0_37">1.19: Judgment ............................................................................... 20 </a><a href="#0_1">1.20: Decree ................................................................................... 21 </a><a href="#0_38">1.21: Award of Interes</a><a href="#0_38">t</a><a href="#0_38">.</a><a href="#0_38">................................................................... 21 </a><a href="#0_39">1.22: Costs...................................................................................... 22 </a><a href="#0_40">1.23: Stay of execution .................................................................... 22 </a><a href="#0_1">1.24: Execution of decrees and orders .............................................. 23 </a><a href="#0_41">1.25: The Court Brokers and Process Servers (Appointments, </a><a href="#0_41">Remuneration and Discipline) Rules, 2017 </a><a href="#0_41">– </a><a href="#0_41">GN No. 363 of 2017........ 23 </a></p><p><a href="#0_5">1.26: Objection proceeding</a><a href="#0_5">s</a><a href="#0_5">.</a><a href="#0_5">............................................................ 24 </a><a href="#0_42">1.27: Appeals .................................................................................. 24 </a><a href="#0_43">1.28: Review ................................................................................... 25 </a><a href="#0_44">1.29: Reference (case stated)........................................................... 25 </a><a href="#0_45">1.30: Revision.................................................................................. 25 </a><a href="#0_1">CHAPTER TW</a><a href="#0_1">O</a><a href="#0_1">.</a><a href="#0_1">............................................................................... 27 </a><a href="#0_20">CRIMINAL LAW, PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE.................................... 27 </a><a href="#0_46">2.0: Jurisdiction of courts ................................................................. 27 </a><a href="#0_1">2.1: Summary Jurisdictio</a><a href="#0_1">n</a><a href="#0_1">.</a><a href="#0_1">............................................................... 28 </a><a href="#0_47">2.2: Accused and his plea................................................................. 30 </a><a href="#0_48">2.3: Bail .......................................................................................... 31 </a><a href="#0_49">2.4: Preliminary hearin</a><a href="#0_49">g</a><a href="#0_49">.</a><a href="#0_49">.................................................................. 31 </a><br><a href="#0_7">2.4.1: Alib</a><a href="#0_7">i</a><a href="#0_7">.</a><a href="#0_7">................................................................................... 32 </a><br><a href="#0_50">2.5: The criminal tria</a><a href="#0_50">l</a><a href="#0_50">.</a><a href="#0_50">...................................................................... 32 </a></p><p>iii </p><p><a href="#0_51">2.5.1: Adjournments...................................................................... 33 </a><br><a href="#0_52">2.6: Judgment and conviction........................................................... 34 </a><br><a href="#0_53">2.6.1: Sentence............................................................................. 34 </a><a href="#0_54">2.6.2: Disposal of exhibits.............................................................. 35 </a><br><a href="#0_55">2.7: General principles ..................................................................... 35 </a><br><a href="#0_56">2.7.1: Accessory after the fact ....................................................... 35 </a><a href="#0_57">2. 7.2: Issue estoppel.................................................................... 35 </a><a href="#0_58">2.7.3: Aiding and abetting ............................................................. 35 </a><a href="#0_59">2.7.4: Autrefois acquit and autrefois convict ................................... 36 </a><a href="#0_60">2.7.5: Common intentio</a><a href="#0_60">n</a><a href="#0_60">.</a><a href="#0_60">.............................................................. 36 </a><a href="#0_61">2.7.6: Recent possessio</a><a href="#0_61">n</a><a href="#0_61">.</a><a href="#0_61">.............................................................. 37 </a><a href="#0_62">2.7.7: Receiving stolen property..................................................... 38 </a><a href="#0_63">2.7.8: Identification parade</a><a href="#0_63">s</a><a href="#0_63">.</a><a href="#0_63">......................................................... 39 </a><br><a href="#0_64">2.8: Appeal</a><a href="#0_64">s</a><a href="#0_64">.</a><a href="#0_64">................................................................................... 39 </a><br><a href="#0_65">2.8.1: The process and procedur</a><a href="#0_65">e</a><a href="#0_65">.</a><a href="#0_65">................................................. 40 </a><br><a href="#0_66">2.9: Revision ................................................................................... 40 </a><br><a href="#0_67">2.9.1: Power of the District and Resident Magistrates Court on Revision </a><a href="#0_67">.................................................................................................... 40 </a></p><p><a href="#0_68">2.10: Committal Proceedings in cases triable by the High Cour</a><a href="#0_68">t</a><a href="#0_68">.</a><a href="#0_68">......... 40 </a><a href="#0_69">2. 11: Economic offences CAP 20</a><a href="#0_69">0</a><a href="#0_69">.</a><a href="#0_69">................................................... 41 </a><br><a href="#0_70">2.11.1: Jurisdiction........................................................................ 41 </a><a href="#0_71">2.11.2: Bai</a><a href="#0_71">l</a><a href="#0_71">.</a><a href="#0_71">.................................................................................. 42 </a><a href="#0_72">2.11.3: Consent of the DPP............................................................ 44 </a></p><p>iv </p><p><a href="#0_73">2.11.4: Preliminary inquiry of economic offences............................. 44 </a><a href="#0_74">2.11.5: Committal proceedings of economic offences under G.N. No. </a><a href="#0_74">267/2016...................................................................................... 45 </a></p><p><a href="#0_75">2.12: Contempt of Court .................................................................. 45 </a><a href="#0_1">CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................. 46 </a><a href="#0_76">PROBATE AND ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES PROCEEDINGS .......... 46 </a><a href="#0_77">3.0: Introduction ............................................................................. 46 </a><a href="#0_1">3.1: Laws applicable in Probate and Administration of Estates in </a><a href="#0_1">Tanzania ......................................................................................... 47 </a></p><p><a href="#0_78">3.1.1: The Indian Succession Act, 186</a><a href="#0_78">5</a><a href="#0_78">.</a><a href="#0_78">......................................... 47 </a><a href="#0_79">3.1.2: The Succession (Non-Christian Asiatics) Act, Cap 28 R.E. 200247 </a><a href="#0_57">3.1.3: The Judicature and Application of Laws Act, Cap 358 R.E. 2002 </a><a href="#0_57">.................................................................................................... 47 </a></p><p><a href="#0_1">3.1.4: The Probate and Administration of Estates Act, Cap 352 R.E. </a><a href="#0_1">2002 ............................................................................................ 48 </a></p><p><a href="#0_80">3.1.5: The Administrator- General (Powers and Functions) Act, Cap 27 </a><a href="#0_80">R.E. 2002 ..................................................................................... 48 </a></p><p><a href="#0_81">3.1.6: The Magistrates’ Courts Act, Cap 11 R.E. 200</a><a href="#0_81">2</a><a href="#0_81">...................... 48 </a></p><p><a href="#0_82">3.1.7: The Law of the Child Act No. 21 of 200</a><a href="#0_82">9</a><a href="#0_82">.</a><a href="#0_82">.............................. 49 </a><a href="#0_83">3.1.8: The Civil Procedure Code, Cap 33 R.E. 2002.......................... 49 </a><br><a href="#0_84">3.2: Conflict of laws in probate and administration of the estate of the </a><a href="#0_84">deceased......................................................................................... 49 </a></p><p><a href="#0_85">3.3: Jurisdiction of Courts in Probate and Administration of Estates .... 51 </a><a href="#0_86">3.4: Citation .................................................................................... 53 </a></p><p>v</p><p><a href="#0_1">3.5: Non- contentious petition [no objection to the grant</a><a href="#0_1">]</a><a href="#0_1">.</a><a href="#0_1">................. 54 </a><a href="#0_87">3.6: Caveat ..................................................................................... 54 </a><a href="#0_88">3.7: Contentious petition [objection to grant-caveat] ......................... 56 </a><a href="#0_89">3.8: Proceedings subsequent to caveat ............................................. 57 </a><a href="#0_90">3.9: Limitation period of caveat ........................................................ 59 </a><a href="#0_91">3.10: Grant of probate and letters of administration........................... 61 </a><a href="#0_92">3.11: Powers and duties of executors and administrators ................... 61 </a><a href="#0_93">3.12: Revocation of grants ............................................................... 64 </a><a href="#0_94">3.13: Procedure after grant of probate and letters of administration ... 64 </a><a href="#0_43">3.14: The role and duties of the Administrator General, Cap 27 .......... 67 </a><a href="#0_95">3.15: Some Important Matters.......................................................... 67 </a><a href="#0_96">CHAPTER FOU</a><a href="#0_96">R</a><a href="#0_96">.</a><a href="#0_96">.............................................................................. 68 </a><a href="#0_20">EVIDENCE RULES ............................................................................ 68 </a><a href="#0_46">4.0: General rules of Evidenc</a><a href="#0_46">e</a><a href="#0_46">.</a><a href="#0_46">......................................................... 68 </a><a href="#0_97">4.1: Burden of proof ........................................................................ 69 </a><a href="#0_98">4.2: Standard of proof in Criminal case</a><a href="#0_98">s</a><a href="#0_98">.</a><a href="#0_98">........................................... 70 </a><a href="#0_71">4.3: Standard of proof in Civil case</a><a href="#0_71">s</a><a href="#0_71">.</a><a href="#0_71">................................................. 71 </a><a href="#0_99">4.4: Admission of evidence............................................................... 71 </a><a href="#0_100">4.5: Circumstantial evidence............................................................. 72 </a><a href="#0_101">4.6: Corroboration ........................................................................... 73 </a><a href="#0_102">4.7: Competence, compellability, privileges and credibility of witnesses74 </a><br><a href="#0_103">4.7.1: Competence........................................................................ 74 </a><a href="#0_68">4.7.2: Compellability...................................................................... 75 </a></p><p>vi </p><p><a href="#0_104">4.7.3: Privilege.............................................................................. 75 </a><a href="#0_105">4.7.4: Credibility............................................................................ 75 </a><br><a href="#0_1">4.8: Confession</a><a href="#0_1">s</a><a href="#0_1">.</a><a href="#0_1">............................................................................. 77 </a><a href="#0_87">4.9: Cautioned statements ............................................................... 77 </a><a href="#0_1">4.10: Retracted and repudiated confession........................................ 78 </a><a href="#0_106">4.11: Exclusion of evidence illegally obtained..................................... 78 </a><a href="#0_107">4.12: Evidence of accomplice............................................................ 80 </a><a href="#0_108">4.13: Evidence of a child .................................................................. 80 </a><a href="#0_1">4.14: Statements by medical witnesses [S. 240(3) CPA</a><a href="#0_1">]</a><a href="#0_1">.</a><a href="#0_1">.................... 81 </a><a href="#0_109">4.15: Electronic evidence.................................................................. 81 </a><a href="#0_48">4.16: Estoppel ................................................................................. 82 </a><a href="#0_110">4.17: Judicial notice ......................................................................... 82 </a><a href="#0_1">CHAPTER FIVE................................................................................. 85 </a><a href="#0_76">MATRIMONIAL PROCEEDINGS.......................................................... 85 </a><a href="#0_111">5.1: Definition of marriage ............................................................... 85 </a><a href="#0_67">5.2: Conciliation Boards.................................................................... 85 </a><a href="#0_112">5.3: Presumption of Marriage ........................................................... 85 </a><a href="#0_113">5.4: Void and voidable marriages...................................................... 86 </a><a href="#0_114">5.5: Divorce and Separation ............................................................. 87 </a><br><a href="#0_115">5.5.1: Divorc</a><a href="#0_115">e</a><a href="#0_115">.</a><a href="#0_115">.............................................................................. 87 </a><a href="#0_116">5.5.2: Separation .......................................................................... 88 </a><br><a href="#0_98">5.6: Custody of children ................................................................... 89 </a><a href="#0_117">5.7: Division of matrimonial assets.................................................... 89 </a></p><p>vii </p><p><a href="#0_118">5.8: Maintenance orders................................................................... 90 </a><a href="#0_76">CHAPTER SIX .................................................................................. 91 </a><a href="#0_77">SENTENCING................................................................................... 91 </a><a href="#0_119">6.1: Jurisdictio</a><a href="#0_119">n</a><a href="#0_119">.</a><a href="#0_119">.............................................................................. 91 </a><a href="#0_1">6.2: Factors to be taken into account in sentencing ........................... 92 </a><a href="#0_1">6.3: The discretion of the court in sentencin</a><a href="#0_1">g</a><a href="#0_1">.</a><a href="#0_1">................................... 93 </a><a href="#0_120">6.4: Types of sentences ................................................................... 93 </a><a href="#0_107">6.5: Concurrent and consecutive sentence</a><a href="#0_107">s</a><a href="#0_107">.</a><a href="#0_107">...................................... 94 </a><a href="#0_121">6.6: Substituted sentence................................................................. 94 </a><a href="#0_122">6.7: Suspended sentence ................................................................. 94 </a><a href="#0_123">6.8: Omnibus sentence</a><a href="#0_123">s</a><a href="#0_123">.</a><a href="#0_123">.................................................................. 95 </a><a href="#0_76">CHAPTER SEVEN.............................................................................. 96 </a><a href="#0_124">JUDGMENT WRITING....................................................................... 96 </a><a href="#0_125">7.1: Definition ................................................................................. 96 </a><a href="#0_126">7.2: Style ........................................................................................ 96 </a><a href="#0_127">7.3: Purpose of a judgmen</a><a href="#0_127">t</a><a href="#0_127">.</a><a href="#0_127">............................................................. 96 </a><a href="#0_128">7.4: Elements of a good judgmen</a><a href="#0_128">t</a><a href="#0_128">.</a><a href="#0_128">................................................... 96 </a><a href="#0_119">7.5: Essentials of a judgment ........................................................... 97 </a><a href="#0_129">7.6: Delivery of a judgmen</a><a href="#0_129">t</a><a href="#0_129">.</a><a href="#0_129">............................................................. 97 </a><a href="#0_1">CHAPTER EIGHT.............................................................................. 99 </a><a href="#0_76">JUDICIAL ETHICS AND CONDUCT..................................................... 99 </a><a href="#0_77">8.1: Meaning and general overview................................................... 99 </a><a href="#0_54">8.2: The Purpose of Judicial Ethics and Conduct ...............................101 </a></p>