Training & Resource Manual for Juvenile Defense Attorneys A Guide for Representing Children in South Carolina’s Family Courts 2014 EDITION CHILDREN’S LAW CENTER UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF LAW TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………....... 1 Basics of Juvenile Court ………………………………………………………….……….. 3 . Definition of “Child” ……………………………………………………….……….. 5 . Case Flow Chart ………………………………………………………….……..… 6 . Family Court Process for Children Charged with Offenses …..…….………… 7 . Intake ………………………………………………………………………….……. 15 . Notice & Service of Summons ……………………………………….….…..…… 16 . Prosecution ………………………………………………………….…………….. 17 . Indigent Defense ………………………………………………………………..... 19 . Rules for Conduct of Hearings ………………………………………………..… 20 . Checklist of Important Issues to Consider ……………………………….……. 21 Role & Duties of Juvenile Defense Counsel………………………………….….…. 23 . Role and Duties Overview……………………………………………………….. 24 . SCCID Performance Standards for Indigent Defense in Juvenile Cases…… 25 . Basic Steps of Representation Prior to the Adjudicatory Hearing………….... 31 . Attorney-Client Communications…..…………………………………………..… 33 . Preparing Your Client for the Courtroom……………….………………………. 36 Discovery …………………………………………………………..…………………………. 37 . Discovery and Disclosure of Evidence ………………………..……………….. 38 . Disclosure in Criminal Cases (Rule 5, SCRCrimP) …………….…………….. 40 Jurisdiction & Venue ………………………………………………………………………. 43 Custody & Pre-trial Detention ………………………………………………….……….. 47 . Detention Overview ……………………………………………………………….. 48 . Detention Hearing …………………………………………………………………. 51 . Detention Statutes (§§ 63-19-820, 830) ...…………….………………………... 53 Waiver Transfer of Jurisdiction ……………………………………………………….. 57 / . Waiver Overview …………………………………………………………………... 58 . Waiver Chart ……………………………………………………………………….. 61 . The Eight Determinative Factors of Kent v. U.S. ………………………………. 62 . Waiver Statute (§ 63-19-1210) ……………….………………………………….. 63 Adjudication ………………………………………………………………………………….. 65 . Adjudicatory Hearing ……………………………………………………………… 67 . Guilty Plea ………………………………………………………………………….. 69 Disposition. ……………………..……………………………………………………………. 73 . Disposition Planning and Advocacy …………………………………………….. 75 . Effective Use of Predisposition Evaluation Reports ………………………….. 81 . Dispositional Hearing …………………………………………………………….. 90 . Dispositional Powers of the Court Statutes (§§ 63-19-1410 to 1450) .……... 92 Appeals …………………………………………………………………………………...…... 99 . Juvenile Appeals Overview…………………………………………….…..…..... 100 i . Appellate Practice from the Court’s Perspective ……………………………… 102 . Juvenile Appeal Checklist …………………………………………………..…… 104 . Notice of Appeal (Rule 203, SCACR) ………………………………………….. 105 Parole …………….……………………………..…………………………………………… 107 . Parole Overview………………………………………………………………….. 108 . Parole Guidelines ………………………………………………………………… 109 . Parole Statutes (§§ 63-19-610, 1810 to 1870) ………………….…..……… 113 DJJ Policies & Procedures ……………………………………………………………... 117 . Agency Overview ………………………………………………………………… 118 . Detention and Evaluation Centers ……………………………………………... 120 . Long-term Campuses ………………………………………………………….… 122 . Transfer to Department of Corrections ………………………………………… 122 . DMH Seriously Mentally Ill Status ……………………………………………… 123 . DDSN Seriously Intellectually Disabled Status ……………………………….. 134 Juvenile Records ………………………………………………………………………..… 143 . Records Overview ……………………………………………………….………. 144 . Juvenile Records Statutes (§ 63-19-2010 to 2040) ………………………….. 147 . Expungement of Juvenile Records ………………………………………..…… 152 . Expungement Statute (§ 63-19-2050) ……………………………………..….. 154 Competency ……………………………………………………………………………….... 155 . Adjudicative Competence .…………………………………………………........ 156 . Competency Case Law …………………………..……………………………… 162 . Fitness to Stand Trial Statutes (§§ 44-23-410 to 460) ………………….……. 163 . Judicial Commitment Statutes (§§ 44-24-90 to 150) …………………………. 166 Mental Health Issues ……………………………………………………………………… 169 . MacArthur Foundation’s Juvenile Court Training Curriculum ………………… 170 . DMH Interagency Initiatives …………………………………………..…………. 171 . Quick Reference Guide to Common Disorders …………………….………..… 173 . Differences Between Intellectual Disability and Mental Illness ………………. 183 Juvenile Confessions …………………………………………………………………..…. 185 . Juvenile Confessions Overview……. ………………………………………..….. 186 . In re Williams…………………………………………………………………..…… 190 Interstate Compact for Juveniles ………………………………………………….…… 193 Media Issues ……………………………………………………………………………..…… 197 . Media Overview …………………………………………….……….……..……… 198 . Ex parte Columbia Newspapers …………………………………….………..…. 199 . Ex parte the Island Packet ……………………………………………….………. 200 Landmark Juvenile Cases ………………………………………………………………… 203 Agencies and Organizations Serving Children ………………………………….…. 205 Juvenile Justice Websites ……………………………………………………………..… . 209 Recommended Resources for Juvenile Defenders ………………………………… 212 ii INTRODUCTION The purpose of the Training and Resource Manual for Juvenile Defenders is to provide juvenile defense attorneys with a comprehensive overview of the juvenile justice system and the legal and collateral issues that arise in juvenile delinquency proceedings in South Carolina’s family courts. The information presented in the Manual is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended to provide legal advice or legal opinion on any specific issue. Readers should not rely on this guide as a primary source of legal authority, but should consult official versions of South Carolina statutes, rules, and cases prior to making decisions or taking action in legal proceedings. Citations to South Carolina statutes and cases used throughout this guide are formatted as concisely as possible, and therefore, are not necessarily appropriate for formal citations in pleadings and papers filed with the family court. South Carolina statutes are cited as § __-__-__ (e.g., § 63-3-651 instead of S.C. Code Ann. § 63-3-651 (2010)). All S.E.2d cases referred to are South Carolina cases unless otherwise noted. When full statutes are included, emphasis has been added (with bold or underlined font) to some of the statutory language to draw attention to important details or recent changes in the laws. The materials contained in this manual are as complete and current as possible as of the date of publication, but laws and policies are subject to change at any time without notice. While I have made every attempt to ensure accuracy, errors are inevitable. I would like to be notified of any errors detected so that I can make corrections as needed in future updates. If you have any questions concerning information contained in the Manual, or to report errors or suggestions for future updates, please contact me at the Children’s Law Center at 803-777-1646. Blanche Quinn Richey Resource Attorney Children’s Law Center University of South Carolina School of Law - Updated January 2014 - 1 THE CHILDREN’S LAW CENTER The Children’s Law Center, University of South Carolina School of Law was founded in 1995 and serves as a resource center for judges, attorneys, and other professionals involved in juvenile justice or child maltreatment cases in South Carolina. The overall purpose of the Children’s Law Center is to improve the administration of justice in these cases, by enhancing the knowledge and skills of practitioners of all disciplines. The Children’s Law Center provides a full array of training, technical assistance, resource materials, and research activities addressing a broad spectrum of law and court-related topics affecting children involved in court proceedings in South Carolina. Children’s Law Center 1600 Hampton Street, Suite 502 Columbia, SC 29208 Phone: (803) 777-1646 Fax: (803) 777-8686 http://childlaw.sc.edu 2 Basics of Juvenile Court 3 4 DEFINITION OF “CHILD” While the legal age of majority in South Carolina is 18 years of age under § 63-7-20(3), for purposes of the juvenile justice system, “child” or “juvenile” is defined by § 63-19-20(1) of the Juvenile Justice Code as follows: "Child" or “juvenile” means a person less than 17 years of age. "Child" or “juvenile” does not mean a person 16 or older who is charged with a Class A, B, C or D felony or a felony which provides for a maximum term of imprisonment of 15 years or more. However, a 16-year-old charged with a Class A, B, C or D felony or a felony which provides for a maximum term of imprisonment of 15 years or more may be remanded to the family court for disposition of the charge at the solicitor’s discretion. Note: § 63-19-20(1) also states that “[a]n additional or accompanying charge associated with the charges contained in this item must be heard by the court with jurisdiction over the offenses contained in this item.” (E.g., If a 16-year-old is charged with burglary in the first degree and petit larceny arising out of the same circumstance, both charges should be heard in general sessions court.) 5 CASE FLOW CHART COMPLAINT Citizen, Law Enforcement INIVESTIGATION BY LAW TAKING INTO CUSTODY (by law enforcement) After being taken into custody, child is either released to ENFORCEMENT parent/responsible adult or detained by law enforcement. INTAKE DIVERSION DETENTION HEARING Only if detained. Must be held within 48 PETITION FILED hours, excluding weekends and holidays. Motion may be made to waive eligible child FIRST COURT APPEARANCE to adult court. PRE-WAIVER EVALUATION ADJUDICATION Court finds whether the WAIVER HEARING allegations in the petition Court considers waiver of DISMISSAL are true beyond a child to adult court.