SIBERIAN BRANCH OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY ARCHAEOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY OF EURASIA Volume 47, No. 4, 2019 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.4 Published in Russian and English CONTENTS PALEOENVIRONMENT. THE STONE AGE 3 A.V. Vishnevskiy, K.K. Pavlenok, M.B. Kozlikin, V.A. Ulyanov, A.P. Derevianko, and M.V. Shunkov. A Neanderthal Refugium in the Eastern Adriatic 16 А.А. Anoikin, G.D. Pavlenok, V.M. Kharevich, Z.K. Taimagambetov, A.V. Shalagina, S.A. Gladyshev, V.A. Ulyanov, R.S. Duvanbekov, and M.V. Shunkov. Ushbulak—A New Stratifi ed Upper Paleolithic Site in Northeastern Kazakhstan 30 V.E. Medvedev and I.V. Filatova. Archaeological Findings on Suchu Island (Excavation Area I, 1975) THE METAL AGES AND MEDIEVAL PERIOD 43 I.A. Kukushkin and E.A. Dmitriev. Burial with a Chariot at the Tabyldy Cemetery, Central Kazakhstan 53 N.V. Basova, A.V. Postnov, A.L. Zaika, and V.I. Molodin. Objects of Portable Art from a Bronze Age Cemetery at Tourist-2 66 K.A. Kolobova, A.Y. Fedorchenko, N.V. Basova, A.V. Postnov, V.S. Kovalev, P.V. Chistyakov, and V.I. Molodin. The Use of 3D-Modeling for Reconstructing the Appearance and Function of Non-Utilitarian Items (the Case of Anthropomorphic Figurines from Tourist-2) 77 A.P. Borodovsky and A.Y. Trufanov. Ceramic Protomes of Horses from Late Bronze to Early Iron Age Sites in the Southern Taiga Zone of Siberia 85 N.V. Fedorova and A.V. Baulo. “Portrait” Medallions from the Kazym Hoard 93 M. Erdal and G.V. Kubarev. A Runic Inscription at Sarykoby (Southeastern Altai) 99 N.G. Artemieva. The Ussuriysk Tortoise—A 13th Century Jurchen Monument 105 A.A. Medyntseva, V.Y. Koval, and D.Y. Badeev. Turkic Inscriptions in Cyrillic on 14th–15th Century Eastern European Lithic Artifacts ETHNOLOGY 112 A.Y. Mainicheva. The Topography of Ritual Buildings in Villages of the Tobolsk Governorate (Late 19th to Early 20th Century) ANTHROPOLOGY AND PALEOGENETICS 120 A.V. Zubova, V.G. Moiseev, and A.M. Kulkov. Mesolithic Human Teeth from Zamostye-2, Moscow Region 128 T.A. Chikisheva and D.V. Pozdnyakov. The Physical Anthropology of the Odino People, Western Siberia 140 O.V. Batanina, Y.N. Garkusha, A.V. Zubova, A.V. Novikov, and D.V. Pozdnyakov. A Study of Human Bones from a Dwelling at Ust-Voikar, in the Subarctic Zone of Western Siberia 154 ABBREVIATIONS 155 CONTRIBUTORS 158 PAPERS PUBLISHED IN ARCHAEOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY OF EURASIA IN 2019 ARCHAEOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY OF EURASIA Volume 47, No. 4, 2019 EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief: Founded in January, 2000 A.P. Derevianko (Russia) A quarterly journal in Russian and English Associate Editor-in-Chief: V.I. Molodin (Russia) Founders Executive Secretaries: Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.V. Baulo, S.V. Markin, S.P. Nesterov, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the and D.V. Pozdnyakov (Russia) Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences H.A. Amirkhanov (Russia), A.P. Buzhilova (Russia), T.A. Chikisheva (Russia), J. Chochorowski (Poland), H.-P. Francfort (France), P.G. Gaidukov (Russia), IAET SB RAS Editorial Offi ce and Publishing House Gao Xing (People’s Republic of China), Postal address: A.V. Golovnev (Russia), S. Hansen (Germany), Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography E. Jacobson-Tepfer (USA), J. Jaubert (France), Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, A.G. Kozintsev (Russia), N.N. Kradin (Russia), Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia C.C. Lamberg-Karlovsky (USA), Tel.: (383) 330-83-66 N.A. Makarov (Russia), M. Mehdi (Iran), E-mail: [email protected] J.W. Olsen (USA), G. Parzinger (Germany), http://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru S. Pääbo (Germany), D.G. Savinov (Russia), Editors of the original Akira Sekiya (Japan), M.V. Shunkov (Russia), Russian texts A.I. Soloviev (Russia), V.A. Tishkov (Russia), N.M. Andjievskaya N.A. Tomilov (Russia), S.A. Vasiliev (Russia), T.V. Romanenko Wang Wei (China), V.S. Zykin (Russia) Issuing Editor Y.A. Zhuravleva Designer EDITORIAL COUNCIL I.P. Gemueva O. Bar-Yosef (USA), V.V. Bobrov (Russia), Russian texts translated by V.A. Baranov V.P. Chabai (Ukraine), E.N. Chernykh (Russia), A.A. Evteev N.I. Drozdov (Russia), A.V. Epimakhov (Russia), E.Y. Pankeyeva Y.S. Hudiakov (Russia), Kang In Uk (Republic of Korea), V.S. Peysakhovich Y.F. Kiryushin (Russia), English texts revised by Lee Heon-jong (Republic of Korea), L. Baranova Lee Yung-jo (Republic of Korea), P. Magnussen D.O. Lordkipanidze (Georgia), V.E. Medvedev (Russia), W. Taylor R.M. Munchaev (Russia), A. Nagler (Germany), V.V. Napolskikh (Russia), E.N. Nosov (Russia), Mass media registration certificate Akira Ono (Japan), M.B. Piotrovsky (Russia), No. 018782 issued May 11, 1999 N.V. Polosmak (Russia), Z.S. Samashev (Republic of Kazakhstan), A.F. Shorin (Russia), Passed for printing December 24, 2019 Z.K. Taimagambetov (Republic of Kazakhstan), Appearance December 27, 2019 Format 60×84/8. Conv. print. sh. 18.83. Publ. sh. 20.5 A.A. Tishkin (Russia), D. Tseveendorj (Mongolia) Order No. 490. Circulation 100 copies Open price IAET SB RAS Printing House Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia http://archaeology.nsc.ru © Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019 © Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019 PALEOENVIRONMENT. THE STONE AGE DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.4.003-015 A.V. Vishnevskiy1, K.K. Pavlenok2, M.B. Kozlikin2, V.A. Ulyanov2, 3, A.P. Derevianko2, and M.V. Shunkov2 1Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 3Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia A Neanderthal Refugium in the Eastern Adriatic On the basis of mineralogical analysis of the tephra layer in the Bioče rock shelter in Montenegro, we revise the cultural and population changes in the eastern Adriatic at the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. The disappearance of Neanderthals from that region was traditionally attributed to the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption ~40 ka BP. Comprehensive studies at Bioče by the Russian-Montenegrin expedition in 2010–2015 have resulted in a hypothesis that a Neanderthal refugium existed in the Balkans. We list the lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the Pleistocene sequence of the site and describe four main strata. Petrographic and x-ray phase analyses and scanning electron microscopy suggest that minerals from samples of ground from horizon 1.3 are of volcanic origin. The comparison of tephra from that horizon with those from local sequences in terms of composition, shape, and size of particles reveals similarity with the Y-5 tephra from the main phase of the Campanian eruption, dating to 39.30–39.85 ka BP. In the habitation sequence of Bioče, the tephra layer is inside lithological stratum 1. Artifacts from that layer and from the overlying and underlying ones, judging by technological and typological criteria, belong to one and the same lithic industry—the micro-Mousterian facies of the local Middle Paleolithic. New fi ndings imply that the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption did not cause the disappearance of the culture associated with Neanderthals in the eastern Adriatic. Keywords: Eastern Adriatic, Middle Paleolithic, Bioče rock shelter, Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, Neanderthal refugium. Introduction in various regions of Europe (Higham et al., 2014). Anatomically modern humans, judging by the The results of recent dating of complexes belonging earliest evidence of their occurrence in these regions, to the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition suggest probably co-existed with Neanderthals over a span of non-simultaneous disappearance of Neanderthals 2.6–5.4 thousand years. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 47/4 (2019) 3–15 E-mail: [email protected] © 2019 Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences © 2019 Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences © 2019 A.V. Vishnevskiy, K.K. Pavlenok, M.B. Kozlikin, V.A. Ulyanov, A.P. Derevianko, M.V. Shunkov 3 4 A.V. Vishnevskiy et al. / Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 47/4 (2019) 3–15 The eastern Adriatic is one of the key regions for zone of Pre-Karst block thrust over the High Karst study of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition block; both are the main structural units of the External process in Southeastern Europe. On the basis of Dinarides (see Fig. 1). Both blocks are dominated findings at Crvena Stijena in Montenegro, the by limestones, dolomitic limestones and dolomites, disappearance of Neanderthals from that region was including those with fl ints and interlayers of slated clay traditionally attributed to the Campanian Ignimbrite rocks and marls. Carbonate rocks, composed mainly of eruption ~40 ka BP (Fedele et al., 2008; Mussi, 2001; calcite, dolomite, quartz, and argillaceous minerals, are Morley, Woodward, 2011; Zilhao, 2006). The most predominantly developed in the neighborhood of the ancient traces of anatomically modern humans in the Bioče rock shelter and upstream from the Morača and eastern Adriatic, recorded at Šandalja II in Istria, show Mala Rijeka rivers. a calibrated date of ~32 cal BP (Karavanic, Smith, In the stratigraphic sequence of the site, whose 2013). Thus, the time gap between the episodes thickness is more than 5 m, four main lithological strata of Neanderthal and modern human populations have been identifi ed (Fig. 3) (Derevianko et al., 2015). occurrence in the region could be more than Deposits of stratum 1 include four weakly- 8 thousand years.