United States Department Forest Insect and of Agriculture Forest Service Disease Conditions Forest Health Protection in the United States August 2005 2004 Healthy Forests Make A World of Difference United States Department of Agriculture Forest Insect and Forest Service Disease Conditions Forest Health Protection in the United States August 2005 2004 PREFACE This is the 54th annual report prepared by the U.S. • seed orchard insects and diseases; Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDA • nursery insects and diseases; and Forest Service) of the insect and disease conditions of • abiotic damage. the Nation's forests. This report responds to direction in the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978, as These categories are listed in the table of contents; amended, to conduct surveys and report annually on there is no index. insect and disease conditions of major national significance. Insect and disease conditions of local The information in this report is provided by the Forest importance are reported in regional and State reports. Health Protection Program of the USDA Forest Service. This program serves all Federal lands, The report describes the extent and nature of insect- including the National Forest System and the lands and disease-caused damage of national significance in administered by the Departments of Defense and the 2004. The first section of this report highlights Interior. Service is also provided to tribal lands. The emerging insect and disease issues. Regional and program provides assistance to private landowners temporal trends in selected insect and disease through the State foresters. A key part of the program conditions are highlighted in the second section of the is detecting and reporting insect and disease epidemics report. Distribution maps are provided for some pests. and the effects of wind, air pollution, floods, droughts, Graphs depict acreage trends over the last several and other agents. Detection surveys are conducted on years for some pests. Tables show acreages affected a regular basis by State and USDA Forest Service for selected pests by State by year for the last 5 years. program specialists. The third section of the report brings together insect, For additional information about conditions, contact disease, and abiotic agent damage reports from each the USDA Forest Service office listed on the next page affected region under the organism's or agent's name. (see map for office coverage) or your State forester. The organisms and agents are arranged alphabetically in the appropriate section— The USDA Forest Service also prepared "America's • insects—native; Forests: 2003 Health Update," which highlights major • insects—nonnative; forest health concerns. The report deals with exotic (nonnative) pests, the rural-urban-wildland interface, • diseases—native; and the effects of weather and air pollution on forests. • diseases—nonnative; • diseases—origin unknown; • declines and complexes; iii United States Department Of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Health Protection Offices Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Northern Region (R-1) Pacific Northwest Region (R-6) P.O. Box 7669 P.O. Box 3623 Missoula, MT 59807 Portland, OR 97208-3623 (406) 329-3605 (503) 808-2913 Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Rocky Mountain Region (R-2) Southern Region (R-8) P.O. Box 25127 1720 Peachtree Road, NW, Room 862 S Denver, CO 80225 Atlanta, GA 30367-9102 (303) 275-5026 (404) 347-2961 Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Southwestern Region (R-3) Northeastern Area 333 Broadway Boulevard, SE 11 Campus Boulevard, Suite 200 Albuquerque, NM 87102 Newtown Square, PA 19073 (505) 842-3247 (610) 557-4124 Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Intermountain Region (R-4) Alaska Region (R-10) 324 25th Street 3301 C Street, Suite 522 Ogden, UT 84401 Anchorage, AK 99503-3956 (801) 625-5759 (907) 271-2575 Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Pacific Southwest Region (R-5) International Institute of Tropical Forestry 1323 Club Drive UPR Experiment Station Grounds Vallejo, CA 94592 P.O. Box 25000 (707) 562-8921 Rio Piedras, PR 00928-5000 (787) 766-5335 iv USDA Forest Service Regions and Area Copies of this report are available from: USDA Forest Service Attn: Forest Health Protection Stop Code 1110 1400 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20250-1110 Phone: (703) 605-5352 Fax: (703) 605-5353 Email: [email protected] This report is also available on the Internet at: www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/current_conditions.shtml v CONTENTS Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................................. iii Map of Forest Service Regions/Area ................................................................................................................................................ v Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 PART 1: EMERGING INSECT AND DISEASE ISSUES ............................................................................................................. 5 Emerald ash borer............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Piñon pine mortality ......................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Western bark beetles....................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Sudden Oak Death .......................................................................................................................................................................... 12 PART 2: HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Insect Conditions Highlights........................................................................................................................................................... 16 Gypsy moth........................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Southern pine beetle........................................................................................................................................................... 18 Mountain pine beetle.......................................................................................................................................................... 20 Spruce budworm ................................................................................................................................................................ 22 Western spruce budworm................................................................................................................................................... 24 Hemlock woolly adelgid .................................................................................................................................................... 26 Common European pine shoot beetle................................................................................................................................. 27 Spruce beetle...................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Disease Conditions Highlights........................................................................................................................................................ 29 Dogwood anthracnose........................................................................................................................................................ 29 Beech bark disease ............................................................................................................................................................. 30 Butternut canker................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Fusiform rust...................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Dwarf mistletoes ................................................................................................................................................................ 33 PART 3: CONDITIONS BY DAMAGE AGENT BY REGION .................................................................................................. 35 Insects: Native ............................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Arborvitae leaf miners (Region 9/Northeastern Area) ...................................................................................................... 36 Aspen leaf blotch miner (Region 10) ................................................................................................................................. 36 Bagworm moth (Region 9/Northeastern