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University Microfilms International T u t t l e , V ir g in ia G r a c e AN ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE "LIBER FLORIDUS" The Ohio Slate University PH.D. 1979 U niversity M icrofilm s Intern St ion&l 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 18 Bedford Row. London WCIR 4EJ, England Copyright 1979 by Tuttle, Virginia Grace All R ights R eserved PLEASE NOTE: In a n cases th is material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with th is document have been identified here with a check mark . 1. Glossy photographs __ 2. Colored illu stra tio n s _ _ _ _ _ 3. Photographs with dark background Illu stratio n s are poor copy _ 5. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page_________ 6. In d istin ct, broken or small p rin t on several pages_________ throughout 7. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine________ 8. Computer printout pages with indistinct print______ 9. 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Ml AS 106 '3131 761-4700 AN ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE LIBER FLORIDUS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Virginia Grace Tuttle The Ohio State University 1979 Reading Committee: Approved By Franklin Ludden Anne Morganstern Howard Crane \Adviser Christian Zacher Department of History of Art ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Upon the completion of this dissertation, I am pleased to acknowledge my gratitude to my adviser. Professor Franklin Ludden, for his generous assistance throughout my years of graduate study. My work on the Liber Floridus began in a seminar on medieval secular art that was offered by Professor Ludden. Through all stages of this work. Professor Ludden has offered the most valu­ able suggestions and patient criticism. I wish to thank the members of my dissertation com­ mittee, Professor Anne Morgansterm, Professor Howard Crane, Professor Christian Zacher, and Professor Carl Schlam, for reading my dissertation and making important recommenda­ tions. These recommendations have enabled me to improve many aspects of my work. Professor Schlam has also been very helpful in checking some of my translations from Latin. I am indebted to Professor Daniel Farrell for his assis­ tance in reading and criticizing part of this disserta­ tion. Ms. Shelly Wolfe is also deserving of my gratitude on this occasion. My realization that the structure of the Liber Floridus might correspond to that of the Beatus Apocalypse occurred during conversations with Ms. Wolfe, who is presently preparing a dissertation on a manuscript of the Beatus Apocalypse (New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, M. 644). Finally, I wish to acknowledge a great debt to my parents for the unfailing encouragement and support that has allow,ed me to bring my graduate work to completion. I also wish to thank my mother for having prepared the map of Flanders that appears on page xiv. October A, 1946............... Born - Newark, New Jersey 1970........................... B.A., The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 1971-1974......................Teaching Associate, History of Art, The Ohio State Univer­ sity, Columbus, Ohio 1974........................... M.A., The Ohio State Univer­ sity, Columbus, Ohio 1974-1979......................Teaching Associate, History of Art, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: The History of Art Medieval Art. Professor Franklin Ludden Northern Renaissance Art. Professor Anne Morgansterm Italian Renaissance Art. Professor Francis Richardson TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................... ii VITA.................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES...................................... vi MAP OF FLANDERS...................................... xiv INTRODUCTION......................................... 1 PART ONE.............................................. 9 PART TWO................................... »......... 43 Chapter One...................................... 48 Chapter Two...................................... 89 Chapter Three.................................... 109 Chapter Four..................................... 132 Chapter Five..................................... 137 Chapter Six..................................... 199 Chapter Seven.................................... 218 Chapter Eight.................................... 242 Chapter Nine..................................... 264 Chapter Ten...................................... 279 Chapter Eleven................................... 298 Chapter Twelve............. 346 PART THREE........................................... 374 BIBLIOGRAPHY........... 402 FIGURES............................................... 411 LIST OF FIGURES Page Revelations 1-3; Wolfenbtittel, Ducal Library, Ms. 1 (hereafter, Wolfenbüttel), fol. 9v. Hanns Swarzenski, "Comments on the Figurai Illustrations," Liber Floridus Colloquium, ed. Albert Derolez, Ghent, 1967 (hereafter. Liber Floridus Colloquium) , fig. 4 ............. 411 Revelations 4; Wolfenbtittel, fol. 104. Liber Floridus Colloquium, fig. 5 . 412 Revelations 5:8; Wolfenbtittel, fol. lOv, Liber Floridus Colloquium, fig. 6.............. 413 Revelations 5:4; Wolfenbtittel, fol. 114, Liber Floridus Colloquium, fig..7 .............. 414 Revelations 6:2; Wolfenbtittel, fol. llv. Liber Floridus Colloquium, fTg..8.............. 415 Revelations 8:7-11; Wolfenbtittel, fol. 12r, Liber Floridus Colloquium, fig..9.............. 416 Revelations 8:12; Wolfenbtittel, fol. 12v, Liber Floridus Colloquium, fig. 10............. 417 Revelations 9:13-9:19; Wolfenbtittel, fol. 13r, Liber Floridus Colloquium, fig. 11............. 418 Revelations 10; Wolfenbtittel, fol. 13v, Liber Floridus Colloquium, fig. 12............. 419 Revelations 10; Wolfenbtittel, fol. 14r, Liber Floridus Colloquium, fig. 13............ 420 Revelations 12:1-9; Wolfenbtittel, fol. 14v, Liber Floridus Colloquium, fig. 14............ 421 Revelations 12:1-9; Wolfenbtittel, fol. 15r, Liber Floridus Colloquium, fig. 15............ 422 Revelations 12:13-19; Wolfenbtittel, fol. 15v, Liber Floridus Colloquium, fig. 16............ 423 Page Revelations 14:1-20; The Hague, Roy. Lib, Ms. 128 Cr, fol 29r. Liber Floridus Colloquium.................................... 424 Revelations 16-17; Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Ms. lat. 8865, fol. 41r. Liber Floridus Colloquium, fig. 20........... 425 Revelations 19-22; Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Ms. lat. 8865, fol, 42v. Liber Floridus Colloquium.. ................. 426 Sedes Sapientia, Wolfenbüttel, fol. 94. Liber Floridus"Colloquium, fig. 3............ 427 Salomon Enthroned; Wolfenbüttel, fol. 8v. Liber Floridus Colloquium, fig. 2 ............ 428 Holy Sepulchre; Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Ms. lat. 8865, fol. 133 (top)................ 429 Plan of Jerusalem; Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Ms. lat. 8865, fol. 133 (bottom).. 430 21. Creating Christ; Bible of Saint-Castor at Coblenz, Pommersfelden, Grâflichschôn- born *sche, Schlossbibliotheque, Cod. 333/334, fol. 2. Andrew Grabar and Carl Nordenfalk, Romanesque Painting, Geneva, 1958, page 191.., 431 22. Saint Omer, Standing Portrait; Liber Floridus, University of Ghent Library, Msl 92 (henceforth.