Life of William Carey, Shoemaker and Missionary Author(s): George Adam Smith Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Description: William Carey is often considered the ªfather of modern missionsº as his missionary work in India set the standard for Christian evangelism. This biography, written by George Smith within 50 years of Carey's death, tells the missionary's story. Smith's admiration of the author is obvious, but this partiality does not take away from the project as a whole. Along with taking the reader through Carey's life, he also in- cludes many of the missionary's personal letters and ser- mons, allowing readers to engage with Carey as intimately. Kathleen O'Bannon CCEL Staff Subjects: Practical theology Missions Missions in individual countries i Contents Title Page 1 Preface 2 Ch I. Carey’s College 3 Ch II. The Birth of England’s Foreign Missions 18 Ch III. India As Carey Found It 35 Ch IV. Six Years in North Bengal--Missionary and Indigo Planter 50 Ch V. The New Crusade--Serampore and the Brotherhood 68 Ch VI. The First Native Converts and Christian Schools 80 Ch VII. Calcutta and the Mission Centres from Delhi to Amboyna 96 Ch VIII. Carey’s Family and Friends 112 Ch IX. Professor of Sanskrit, Bengali, and Marathi 129 Ch X. The Wyclif of the East--Bible Translation 145 Ch XI. What Carey Did for Literature and for Humanity 166 Ch XII. What Carey Did for Science--Founder of the Agricultural and Horticultural 178 Society of India Ch XIII. Carey’s Immediate Influence in Great Britain and America 199 Ch XIV. Carey as an Educator--the First Christian College in the East 225 Ch XV. Carey’s Christian University for the People of India 239 Ch XVI. Carey’s Last Days 243 Indexes 267 Index of Scripture References 268 ii This PDF file is from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library, www.ccel.org. 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Written permission is required for commercial use. iii Title Page Title Page LIFE OF WILLIAM CAREY, Shoemaker & Missionary BY GEORGE SMITH C.I.E., LL.D. FIRST ISSUE OF THIS EDITION 1909 REPRINTED...1913, 1922 1 Preface Preface PREFACE ON the death of William Carey in 1834 Dr. Joshua Marshman promised to write the Life of his great colleague, with whom he had held almost daily converse since the beginning of the century, but he survived too short a time to begin the work. In 1836 the Rev. Eustace Carey anticipated him by issuing what is little better than a selection of mutilated letters and journals made at the request of the Committee of the Baptist Missionary Society. It contains one passage of value, however. Dr. Carey once said to his nephew, whose design he seems to have suspected, “Eustace, if after my removal any one should think it worth his while to write my Life, I will give you a criterion by which you may judge of its correctness. If he give me credit for being a plodder he will describe me justly. Anything beyond this will be too much. I can plod. I can persevere in any definite pursuit. To this I owe everything.” In 1859 Mr. John Marshman, after his final return to England, published The Life and Times of Carey, Marshman, and Ward, a valuable history and defence of the Serampore Mission, but rather a biography of his father than of Carey. When I first went to Serampore the great missionary had not been twenty years dead. During my long residence there as Editor of the Friend of India, I came to know, in most of its details, the nature of the work done by Carey for India and for Christendom in the first third of the century. I began to collect such materials for his Biography as were to be found in the office, the press, and the college, and among the Native Christians and Brahman pundits whom he had influenced. In addition to such materials and experience I have been favoured with the use of many unpublished letters written by Carey or referring to him; for which courtesy I here desire to thank Mrs. S. Carey, South Bank, Red Hill; Frederick George Carey, Esq., LL.B., of Lincoln’s Inn; and the Rev. Jonathan P. Carey of Tiverton. My Biographies of Carey of Serampore, Henry Martyn, Duff of Calcutta, and Wilson of Bombay, cover a period of nearly a century and a quarter, from 1761 to 1878. They have been written as contributions to that history of the Christian Church of India which one of its native sons must some day attempt; and to the history of English-speaking peoples, whom the Foreign Missions begun by Carey have made the rulers and civilisers of the non-Chris- tian world. LIFE OF WILLIAM CAREY, D.D. 2 Ch I. Carey's College Ch I. Carey’s College CHAPTER I CAREY’S COLLEGE 1761-1785 The Heart of England--The Weaver Carey who became a Peer, and the weaver who was father of William Carey--Early training in Paulerspury--Impressions made by him on his sister--On his companions and the villagers--His experience as son of the parish clerk-- Apprenticed to a shoemaker of Hackleton--Poverty--Famous shoemakers from Annianus and Crispin to Hans Sachs and Whittier--From Pharisaism to Christ--The last shall be first- -The dissenting preacher in the parish clerk’s home--He studies Latin, Greek and Hebrew, Dutch and French--The cobbler’s shed is Carey’s College. WILLIAM CAREY, the first of her own children of the Reformation whom England sent forth as a missionary to India, where he became the most extensive translator of the Bible and civiliser, was the son of a weaver, and was himself a village shoemaker till he was twenty-eight years of age. He was born on the 17th August 1761, in the very midland of England, in the heart of the district which had produced Shakspere, had fostered Wyclif and Hooker, had bred Fox and Bunyan, and had for a time been the scene of the lesser lights of John Mason and Doddridge, of John Newton and Thomas Scott. William Cowper, the poet of missions, made the land his chosen home, writing Hope and The Task in Olney, while the shoemaker was studying theology under Sutcliff on the opposite side of the market- place. Thomas Clarkson, born a year before Carey, was beginning his assaults on the slave- trade by translating into English his Latin essay on the day-star of African liberty when the shoemaker, whom no university knew, was writing his Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to use means for the Conversion of the Heathens. William Carey bore a name which had slowly fallen into forgetfulness after services to the Stewarts, with whose cause it had been identified. Professor Stephens, of Copenhagen, traces it to the Scando-Anglian Car, CAER or CARE, which became a place-name as CAR- EY. Among scores of neighbours called William, William of Car-ey would soon sink into Carey, and this would again become the family name. In Denmark the name Caròe is common. The oldest English instance is the Cariet who coined money in London for Æthelred II. in 1016. Certainly the name, through its forms of Crew, Carew, Carey, and Cary, still prevails on the Irish coast--from which depression of trade drove the family first to Yorkshire, then to the Northamptonshire village of Yelvertoft, and finally to Paulerspury, farther south- -as well as over the whole Danegelt from Lincolnshire to Devonshire. If thus there was Norse blood in William Carey it came out in his persistent missionary daring, and it is pleasant even to speculate on the possibility of such an origin in one who was all his Indian life in- debted to Denmark for the protection which alone made his career possible. 3 Ch I. Carey's College The Careys who became famous in English history sprang from Devon. For two and a half centuries, from the second Richard to the second Charles, they gave statesmen and soldiers, scholars and bishops, to the service of their country. Henry Carey, first cousin of Queen Elizabeth, was the common ancestor of two ennobled houses long since extinct--the Earls of Dover and the Earls of Monmouth. A third peerage won by the Careys has been made historic by the patriotic counsels and self-sacrificing fate of Viscount Falkland, whose representative was Governor of Bombay for a time. Two of the heroic Falkland’s descendants, aged ladies, addressed a pathetic letter to Parliament about the time that the great missionary died, praying that they might not be doomed to starvation by being deprived of a crown pension of £80 a year.