TRADING Equipping Ontario Trades with the Skills of the Future ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Green Building Council (CaGBC) received support from the Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities to conduct a study on the skill gaps and training needs for skilled trades for the construction of energy-efficient, high-performing buildings in Ontario. CaGBC partnered with Mohawk College, mcCallumSather, The Cora Group and The City of Toronto to complete this study. We received further input from our Advisory Group with members from the Toronto & York Region Labour Council, Ontario Building Officials Association, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Mohawk and George Brown College. This paper puts forward solutions to address the existing gaps in the skills required to construct high-performing buildings throughout Ontario, Canada`s most populous province. It also identifies training requirements and recommends delivery models to drive low-carbon building skills training. This project is funded in part by the Government of Ontario. Copyright © Canada Green Building Council (CaGBC), 2019. These materials may be reproduced in whole or in part without charge or written permission, provided that appropriate source acknowledgements are made and that no changes are made to the contents. All other rights are reserved. ISBN: 978-0-9813298-4-0 The analyses/views in these materials are those of CaGBC, and these analyses/views do not necessarily reflect those of CaGBC’s affiliates (including supporters, funders, members, and other participants). CaGBC’s affiliates do not endorse or guarantee any parts or aspects of these materials, and CaGBC’s affiliates are not liable (either directly or indirectly) for any issues that may be related to these materials. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 5 1 Why does Ontario need an education roadmap for the trades? 9 1.1 Introduction 9 1.2 Research question and methodology 11 1.3 What is a low-carbon building? 12 1.4 Research Framework: What are low-carbon skills? 14 2 Skills and capabilities for the low-carbon building sector: are there any gaps? 17 2.1 Green literacy: Soft skills and market infrastructure 18 2.2 Technical skills 21 2.3 Current pathways for education and training options 27 2.4 Challenges and gaps in the current offerings 30 3 How do we get there? An education and training roadmap for the trades in Ontario 31 3.1 Specific skills training required for the construction of low-carbon buildings 32 3.2 Barriers to the uptake of high-performing building skills training 34 3.3 Delivery models necessary to optimize training uptake 36 3.4 Recommendations 38 4 Conclusions and future opportunities 47 Appendices 49 Appendix A: Methodology 50 Appendix B: Industry Survey 52 Appendix C: Discussion Guide Focus Group and Individual Interviews 61 Appendix D: Project Partner 65 Appendix E: List Of Construction Trades 67 Case studies mcCallumSather’s heritage retrofit of the Westinghouse Building (Hamilton) 16 City of Toronto and Toronto Atmospheric Fund’s TowerWise Retrofit Project 23 Mohawk College’s Joyce Centre for Partnership & Innovation (Hamilton) 33 Cora Group’s evolv1 urban office building (Waterloo) 48 Bibliography 68 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A strong economy and as to the possible implications for economic and employment growth. However, to meet environmental leadership Ontario’s greenhouse gas reduction targets, are interconnected. Ontario fundamental changes to the structure of now has a great opportunity various occupations are needed to support the transition of the economy. to prove that economic growth, job development and This report provides an education roadmap and insights on which technical and soft skills are combating climate change can necessary from the trades and the entire project be achieved at the same time. team to achieve the successful construction of low-carbon, high-performing buildings. In Ontario green infrastructure, investments are expected to increase along with demand Overall, the requirements for improved for skilled tradespeople and a green technical skills fall into the following areas: workforce in the construction industry. Geothermal systems, particularly heat pumps; The transition to a low-carbon economy impacts all economic activity. It will inevitably Photovoltaic and solar thermal bring about changes in occupations and systems; workforce competencies. At the same time, the construction industry faces a wave of Air and vapour barriers including sealing techniques and airtightness attrition with more than 85,000 retirements testing; forecasted for the coming decade. For the Toronto region alone, it has been estimated The building envelope, including that there will be 147,000 job openings in insulation, wall assembly and thermal bridging, especially on the construction industry over the coming 15 balconies or around fenestration; years. The impact of the skills gap in Ontario is estimated at $24.3 billion of Gross Domestic Temperature bearing systems; Product (GDP) in foregone company revenues, with an additional $3.7 billion lost in foregone taxation. Adequate education and Plumbing and pipefitting; training will be important to transition the labour force to the economy of the future. Installation of forced air mechanical This study starts with the observation that, systems including balancing air flow to date, insufficient attention has been paid for ventilation; to how the labour market needs to adapt Building Automation Systems, to meet current and future challenges. mechanical and electrical systems Much attention has been paid to how and equipment and commissioning. carbon emissions can be reduced, as well 6 Trading Up: Equipping Ontario Trades with the Skills of the Future Also, embodied carbon and the selection Retraining the trainers is also critical. Coaches of materials is a new subject for the entire and professors who teach the construction building industry. Knowledge of the carbon ecosystem need to be brought up to speed. embodied in building materials needs to Different delivery modes for training, ranging be improved industry-wide so that material from full-time in-class courses to short choices are not left to tradespeople alone. online training modules and project specific instructions on-site to videos are now required However, one of the main findings of this to better serve the needs of tradespeople. report is that technical skills alone will not satisfy the requirements of low-carbon On-site training will play an important role as buildings. Changes to the larger construction it offers the opportunity of ad-hoc training approach and acknowledgment of soft skills and a continuous feedback loop that can are necessary to deliver high-performing involve multiple trades at the same time and buildings. We therefore need to increase cross traditional trade roles. The industry and overall levels of “green literacy” or said the trades in particular need to develop a another way, the ability to understand willingness to invest in lifelong learning and to the broad implications of key building continuously upgrade their skill sets to meet activities on the environment and the market the demand of energy-efficient, infrastructure. This works in concert with high-performing buildings. changes to the way construction projects are undertaken. The threshold for mistakes A major challenge will be retraining those in high-performing buildings is slim and already in the workforce as there are few demands a higher level of sophistication and incentives available at this time to upgrade precision for the entire project team. The their skills, especially when there is high trades are extremely important for achieving demand for trades working on traditional high-performing buildings, but they need building projects. There are highly capable the support of the remaining construction skilled trades that have a good knowledge of ecosystem to succeed. This also means high-performing building practices and that the trades should be brought into the jumped at the chance to become leaders in design and construction process early on. their industry. However, others seem to miss It also relies heavily on communication and the basic understanding of building science collaboration among the trades as well as an necessary for a successful low-carbon building. allowances for more time to ensure better project outcomes. It is not only the trades who need to upgrade their skills and knowledge base. The entire construction ecosystem including designers, architects, engineers, buildings officials and buildings managers also need to add skills to successfully complete complex high-performing buildings. 7 When planning for the shift to low-carbon buildings, it is recommended that Ontario undertake the following steps: A Improve green literacy Foster a broader ecological mindset and awareness throughout the construction industry. Develop new green training and education that address the skills needs and training gaps identified in this report. Train all stakeholders in the construction industry ecosystem on the importance of developing low-carbon buildings – from architects and engineers to designers, building officials and building managers. B Amend the modes of training Incorporate low-carbon skills into all available courses, including Ontario apprenticeship programs, for people entering the construction industry. Make continuing education a requirement for professional development and to maintain credentials and make low-carbon skills a mandatory requirement