Section 28 and the revival of Gay, Lesbian and Queer Politics in Britain edited by Virginia Preston ICBH Witness Seminar Programme Section 28 and the Revival of Lesbian, Gay and Queer Politics in Britain ICBH Witness Seminar Programme Programme Director: Dr Michael D. Kandiah © Institute of Contemporary British History, 2001 All rights reserved. This material is made available for use for personal research and study. We give per- mission for the entire files to be downloaded to your computer for such personal use only. For reproduction or further distribution of all or part of the file (except as constitutes fair dealing), permission must be sought from ICBH. Published by Institute of Contemporary British History Institute of Historical Research School of Advanced Study University of London Malet St London WC1E 7HU ISBN: 0 9523210 6 8 Section 28 and the Revival of Gay, Lesbian and Queer Politics in Britain Chaired by Jeffrey Weeks Paper by Adam Lent and Merl Storr Seminar edited by Virginia Preston 24 November 1999 England Room, Institute of Historical Research Senate House, London Institute of Contemporary British History Contents List of Contributors 9 Section 28 and the Revival of Gay, Lesbian and Queer Politics in Britain Adam Lent and Merl Storr 11 Chronology of events Adam Lent 13 Witness seminar transcript edited by Virginia Preston 17 Useful links 57 Contributors Chair: JEFFREY WEEKS Dean of Humanities and Social Science, South Bank University. Recent publications include Sexualities and Society (edited with Janet Holland), Polity Press, 2000. Paper-givers: ADAM LENT ESRC research fellow, Politics Department, Sheffield Univer- sity, investigating new political movements in the UK. Convenor of the Political Studies Association New Political Movements group. MERL STORR Senior Lecturer in Sociology, University of East London. Recent publications include Bisexuality: A Critical Reader, Routledge, 1999. Editor: VIRGINIA PRESTON Deputy Director, Institute of Contemporary British History Witnesses: REBECCA FLEMMING London Stop the Section SUE GEORGE London Bisexual Women's Group SUE O’SULLIVAN Sheba Feminist Press, Feminist Review LISA POWER Lesbian & Gay Switchboard, Pink Paper, Stonewall PETER TATCHELL OutRage! In the audience: DEL LA GRACE VOLCANO, CLARE HEMMINGS, ALLAN HORSFALL JULIAN HOWS, JILL HUMPHREY , MICHAEL KING, ANGELA MASON ADYINKA ODUBENA and KEIR THORPE Citation Guidance References to this and other witness seminars should take the following form: Witness name, in ‘Witness Seminar Title’, seminar held [date of seminar], (In- stitute of Contemporary British History, [date of publication], [full internet ad- dress of seminar]), page number of reference [use the number given in the header at the top of the page referenced]. For example, referring to Peter Tatchell’s comments on his reactions to the pro- posed amendments to Section 28 which were defeated: Peter Tatchell, in ‘Section 28 and the Revival of Gay, Lesbian and Queer Poli- tics in Britain’, seminar held 24 November 1999 (Institute of Contemporary British History, 2002, http://www.icbh.ac.uk/witness/section28/), p.32. For Harvard reference style, use (ICBH Witness Seminar, date of publication) in the text, and the following style in the bibliography: ‘Witness Seminar Title’, held [date of seminar], Institute of Contemporary Brit- ish History, [date of publication], [full internet address of seminar]. For fuller guidance on the citation of all types of electronic sources, please refer to the H-Net Guide at: http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/about/citation/general.html Section 28 and the Revival of Gay, Lesbian and Queer Politics in Britain Adam Lent and Merl Storr The aim of this seminar is to gain a deeper understanding of the nature and origins of the rapid resurgence in gay, lesbian and queer political activism in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This paper provides a brief historical background to the debate and raises some of the questions which the seminar may wish to consider. The opposition to Section 28 was led by the Organisation for Lesbian and Gay Action and by Stop the Section. After the intense activity organised in response to the Section had died down, three extremely high profile groups began wider campaigning: the AIDS Coalition To Unleash Power was launched in January 1989; The Stonewall Group was founded five months later; and within a further year the first meeting of OutRage! had been held. It is often asserted that the reason for this renaissance was Section 28 itself. Its sheer vindictive- ness both in concept and wording, not to mention doubt about its legal credentials, challenged an increasingly apolitical attitude – especially amongst gay men if not lesbians – and provided the impetus for the politicisation of a whole range of other issues taken-up by the groups mentioned above. But the seminar may want to consider a range of deeper factors that could also have been at work: Reaction against identity politics By the late 1980s there was a growing reaction against the type of forthright identity politics which had encouraged fragmentation within social movements along race, gender, sexuality and disability lines in the early 1980s. Groups like Women Against Fundamentalism were rebuilding some burnt bridges. Was this change a key feature in allowing gay men and lesbians to unite against the Gov- ernment’s plans after many years of division and hostility? Thatcherism and Victorian Values Section 28 can be seen as just the most concrete example of the Conservative Government’s Vic- torian Values. The chronology below gives a hint of some of the other manifestations of the approach. Had gays and lesbians been provoked long before Section 28 but been unable to act? Was Section 28 a provocation too far? HIV/AIDS Since the early 1980s the gay community had had to endure not just the grief and pain caused by the spread of the new disease but also the intensified prejudice and bigotry exhibited in its wake by the media and public figures. Government inaction and incompetence in its medical and educa- tional response worsened this situation. Did HIV/AIDS create a legacy of anger and frustration that erupted in the late 1980s? Did the fact that the gay community had to fall back on its own resources to educate and support in response to HIV/AIDS create the political structures and confidence needed for forthright campaigning after Section 28? Growing opposition to Thatcherism Dissatisfaction with the Thatcherite Government was intense by the late 1980s/early 1990s. A deep recession and poor policy decisions were creating major grass roots, direct action opposition on the poll tax, green issues and disability. Did the resurgence of gay, lesbian and queer politics 12 Section 28 and the Revival of Lesbian, Gay and Queer Politics in Britain owe as much to this changing political mood as events specific to the gay and lesbian communities? The seminar may also want to consider the impact the different campaigning groups had by answering the following questions. Why did the action against Section 28 fail? Why did OutRage! and Stonewall prove more viable than OLGA, Stop the Section and ACT-UP? Why did such dif- fering styles of politics in the form of OutRage! and Stonewall appear at the same time? Did they complement or negate one another? © Institute of Contemporary British History, 2001. Not to be reproduced without permission. Chronology 1985 JAN The London Lesbian and Gay Centre opens with Greater London Council funding. The Centre is immediately beset by a fierce dispute over whether certain constituencies such as bisexuals and SM groups and practitioners should be allowed to use the Centre. FEB The Government announces that Health Authorities are to have ‘reserve powers’ to detain ‘highly infectious’ AIDS patients. JUL An EGM of the London Lesbian and Gay Centre finally accepts the right of SM groups and practitioners to use the Centre. Bisexual groups remain excluded although individual bisexuals are permitted to use the centre. OCT Labour Party Annual Conference approves motion committing the Party to full legal equality for gay men and lesbians. NOV The Conservative Party Chairman, Norman Tebbit, attacks the ‘valueless values of the permissive society’ in The Disraeli Memorial Lecture. 1986 APR Metropolitan Councils, including the GLC, abolished. Norman Tebbit attacks the ‘poisoned legacy of the Permissive Society’. JUN The Government introduces an amendment to its Education Bill making local authorities ensure that sex education gives due emphasis to ‘moral con- siderations’ and ‘the values of family life’. SEP The press gives extensive coverage to the claim that schools in the London Borough of Haringey are using a children’s book about a girl living with her gay father and his partner. The book is called ‘Jenny Lives with Eric and Martin’. The Education Secretary, Kenneth Baker, calls for the book to be banned. The Parents Rights Group holds a public burning of the book out- side a Catholic Primary School OCT Labour Party Conference achieves the two-thirds majority needed to have a commitment to lesbian and gay rights included in the Party manifesto. DEC Conservative MPs attack the gay and lesbian policies of Labour London bor- oughs in a debate on local government. 1987 JAN The press gives extensive coverage to the news that a Reverend Rushworth- Smith is beginning a hunger strike in opposition to Haringey council’s edu- cation and Positive Images policies. FEB Lord Halsbury’s bill preventing local authorities ‘promoting homosexuality’ is passed in the House of Lords. MAR A ‘Smash the Backlash’ march is held in Haringey to ‘defend lesbian and gay rights’. Organised by local groups, it attracts over 2,000 people. 14 Section 28 and the Revival of Lesbian, Gay and Queer Politics in Britain MAY The debate on Lord Halsbury’s bill is suspended in the House of Commons due to an inquorate chamber.