New England SMALL FRUIT PEST MANAGEMENT Guide MANAGING DISEASES, INSECTS AND WEEDS IN SMALL FRUIT CROPS 2010-2011 New England Vegetable & Berry Growers Association University of Connecticut University of Maine University of Massachusetts University of New Hampshire University of Rhode Island University of Vermont United States Department of Agriculture cooperating NEW ENGLAND SMALL FRUIT PEST MANAGEMENT GUIDE 2010-2011 Published in partnership with the New England Vegetable & Berry Growers Association EDITOR Sonia Schloemann, UMass Amherst REVIEWERS: Richard Bonanno - UMass Amherst Frank Caruso - UMass Amherst Lorraine Los - University of Connecticut David Handley - University of Maine Ann Hazelrigg - University of Vermont Becky Grube - University of New Hampshire Alan Eaton - University of New Hampshire Cheryl Smith - University of New Hampshsire George Hamilton - University of New Hampshire Heather Faubert - University of Rhode Island New England Extension Deans and Directors Nancy Bull, Associate Director Nancy Fey-Yensan, Interim Dean & Director UConn Cooperative Extension URI Cooperative Extension Service University of Connecticut University of Rhode Island Storrs, CT 06269 Kingston, RI 02881 John E. Pike, Dean & Director Nancy Garrabrants, Director UNH Cooperative Extension UMass Extension University of New Hampshire University of Massachusetts Durham, NH 03824 Amherst, MA 01003 John Rebar, Director Douglas Lantagne, Dean & Director Cooperative Extension UVM Extension System University of Maine University of Vermont Orono, ME 04469 Burlington VT 05405 The Cooperative Extension Service, these universities, and the United States Department of Agriculture offer education and employment without regard to race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, or handicap. Issued in furtherance of Coopera- tive Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the USDA. Contents GENERAL INFORMATION .................................................................................................................... 1 Soil Fertility Management ......................................................................................................................... 1 Plant Nutrients— major and minor ............................................................................................................ 3 Soil Organic Matter .................................................................................................................................. 6 Cover Crops and Green Manures .............................................................................................................. 7 Guidelines for Organic Fertilization ............................................................................................................ 9 Organic Certification .............................................................................................................................. 10 About Pest Management ........................................................................................................................ 10 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) ........................................................................................................ 12 BioRATIONAL PESTICIDES ..................................................................................................................... 15 BIOLOGICAL CONTROLS ........................................................................................................................ 16 Pesticide Safety and Use ........................................................................................................................ 18 Owners/Crop Advisors/Commercial Handlers ........................................................................................... 22 Water ................................................................................................................................................... 22 Fumigation: Materials and Risks ............................................................................................................. 27 Weed Management General Notice ......................................................................................................... 27 STRAWBERRIES ................................................................................................................................. 30 General Information .............................................................................................................................. 30 Diseases ............................................................................................................................................... 31 Insects ................................................................................................................................................. 36 Table 22. Strawberry Pest Management Schedule ............................................................................ 43 Weeds .................................................................................................................................................. 49 Table 23. Weed Management in Strawberries ................................................................................. 50 HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES ................................................................................................................. 60 General Information .............................................................................................................................. 60 Diseases ............................................................................................................................................... 61 Insects ................................................................................................................................................. 67 Vertebrate Pests .................................................................................................................................... 70 Table 33. Highbush Blueberry Pest Management Schedule. ............................................................... 72 Weeds .................................................................................................................................................. 75 Table 34. Weed Management for Highbush Blueberries . .................................................................. 76 BRAMBLES ......................................................................................................................................... 75 General Information .............................................................................................................................. 75 Diseases ............................................................................................................................................... 75 Viruses ................................................................................................................................................. 80 Insects ................................................................................................................................................. 80 Table 40. Summer Bearing Bramble Pest Management Schedule. ...................................................... 83 Table 41. Fall Bearing (primocane fruiting) Bramble Pest Management Schedule. ................................. 86 Weeds .................................................................................................................................................. 87 Table 42. Weed Management in Brambles. ........................................................................................ 88 CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES .................................................................................................... 91 General Information .............................................................................................................................. 91 Diseases ............................................................................................................................................... 92 Insects ................................................................................................................................................. 93 Table 43. Currant and Gooseberry Pest Management Schedule. ........................................................ 94 Weeds .................................................................................................................................................. 96 Table 44. Weed Management in Currants and Gooseberries . ............................................................ 96 GRAPES .............................................................................................................................................. 97 General Information ............................................................................................................................. 97 Diseases .............................................................................................................................................. 97 Insects ...............................................................................................................................................100 Table 51. Grape Pest Management Schedule ..................................................................................105 Weeds ................................................................................................................................................111