A quality approach to real-time smartphone and citizen-driven food market price data The case of Food Price Crowdsourcing Africa (FPCA) in Nigeria Solano-Hermosilla, G., Adewopo, J., Peter, H., Barreiro-Hurle, J., Arbia, G., Nardelli, V., Gorrín- González, C., Micale, F. & Ceccarelli, T. 2020 EUR 30027 EN This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever o n the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Contact information Name: Gloria Solano-Hermosilla Address: Edificio Expo – Inca Garcilaso, 3 E-41092 Seville – SPAIN Email: [email protected] Tel.: +34 954 48 8475 EU Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC119273 EUR 30027 EN PDF ISBN 978-92-76-14305-5 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/366116 Print ISBN 978-92-76-20599-9 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2760/120193 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020 © European Union, 2020 The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not owned by the EU, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. All content © European Union, 2020, except: cover page, © IITA - Julius Adewopo, 2019. How to cite this report: Solano-Hermosilla, G., Adewopo, J., Peter, H., Barreiro -Hurle, J., Arbia, G., Nardelli, V., Gorrín-González, C., Micale, F.& Ceccarelli, T., A quality approach to real-time smartphone and citizen-driven food market price data: The case of Food Price Crowdsourcing Africa (FPCA) in Nigeria, EUR 30027 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-14305-5, doi:10.2760 /366116, JRC119273. Access to the interactive dashboard to analyse and explore the data (scan with the mobile phone the QR code or click on the link below): https://datam.jrc.ec.europa.eu/datam/mashup/FP_NGA Contents Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 2 DEFINITIONS AND KEY CONCEPTS.......................................................................................................................................................................................6 3 Horizon-scanning and stakeholder perceptions.......................................................................................................................................................9 3.1 THE SURVEY.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 3.2 THE RESPONDENTS’ PROFILE ......................................................................................................................................................................................9 3.2.1 The Trader...................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 3.2.2 The Agro-Processor .........................................................................................................................................................................................10 3.2.3 The Government Manager.........................................................................................................................................................................10 3.2.4 The Technical Assistance Advisor ....................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2.5 The Researcher.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 4 Setting up the system.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 4.1 SCOPE AND APPROACH .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 4.1.1 Geography................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 4.1.2 Commodities..........................................................................................................................................................................................................13 4.1.3 Market/outlet types and food chain stages...............................................................................................................................13 4.1.4 Prices ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 4.1.5 Crowdsourcing model and sampling................................................................................................................................................ 14 4.1.6 Period and phases of the project........................................................................................................................................................ 15 4.2 IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH (A-I) .....................................................................................................................................................................16 4.2.1 A - Assessing needs and designing platforms ........................................................................................................................16 4.2.2 B - Build Google site with contents...................................................................................................................................................19 4.2.3 C - Compose and disseminate publicity (radio broadcast and flyers)...............................................................19 4.2.4 D - Develop data reporting templates ...........................................................................................................................................20 4.2.5 E - Engage prospective volunteers and tally qualified candidates: ..................................................................... 21 4.2.6 F - Finalise onboarding of candidates and deploy survey form.............................................................................. 21 4.2.7 G - Gamify rewards for valid submissions and maintain records......................................................................... 21 4.2.8 H - Handle enquiries in real time and monitor quality controls .............................................................................. 22 4.2.9 I - Interaction between IITA, JRC and WUR collaborators .............................................................................................23 5 Data quality methodology for crowdsourced/citizen data .......................................................................................................................... 24 5.1 WHAT IS DATA QUALITY? .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 24 5.2 WHY QUALITY CONTROL IN CROWDSOURCING/CITIZEN DATA?................................................................................................