WWF - INDONESIA SOCIAL ECONOMIC STATUS OF 16 MARINE PROTECTED AREAS IN NORTH MALUKU, MALUKU AND WEST PAPUA DISCLAIMER This report is made possible by the generous support of the American People through the United States Agency for the International Development (USAID) with the close collaboration of the Government of Indonesia (GoI). The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of Tetra Tech and do not necessary reflect the view of USAID or the United States Government Authors: Fitryanti Pakiding Albertus Girik Allo Dariani Matualage Indah Ratih Anggriyani Trisye Hamatia Susi M. Marini Maya Paembonan Translation: Deasy Lontoh Design and Layout: Edwin Kezia Simanjuntak Kartika Zohar Citation: Pakiding, F., Allo, A.G., Matualage, D., Anggriyani, I.R., Hamatia, T., Marini, S.M., and Paembonan, M. (2021) Social economic status of 16 marine protected areas in North Maluku, Maluku and West Papua Provinces. United States Agency for the International Development (USAID) and the Government of Indonesia (GoI), Jakarta, Indonesia. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................ 5 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................................... 6 ACRONYM AND ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................ 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 4 SURVEY METHODS ...................................................................................................................................... 6 SURVEY LOCATION ................................................................................................................................ 6 DATA COLLECTION METHOD ............................................................................................................. 7 SAMPLING DESIGN .................................................................................................................................. 8 RESPONDENT .......................................................................................................................................... 8 TYPES OF DATA COLLECTED................................................................................................................ 9 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................................ 9 MPA SOCIAL PROFILE ............................................................................................................................... 10 ADMINISTRATIVE AREA ........................................................................................................................ 10 DEMOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................................... 14 Educational facility ................................................................................................................................ 14 Religion ................................................................................................................................................. 16 Primary occupation .............................................................................................................................. 16 Ethnic group ......................................................................................................................................... 19 FISHERIES ................................................................................................................................................. 19 GOVERNANCE ....................................................................................................................................... 27 STATUS AND TREND OF COMMUNITY ECONOMIC WELFARE ........................................................ 29 OVERVIEW OF THE BASELINE SURVEY .............................................................................................. 29 OVERVIEW OF THE POST-BASELINE SURVEY .................................................................................... 30 CLOSING..................................................................................................................................................... 37 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 37 RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 38 Recommendations from Social Surveys that Have Been Conducted .................................................. 38 Recommendations for Future Social Survey ........................................................................................ 41 LITERATURE CITED ................................................................................................................................... 42 ANNEXES .................................................................................................................................................... 45 LIST OF ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................. 45 Annex 1. List of 14 MPAs supported by the USAID SEA project ....................................................... 45 Annex 2. Collection of information in social survey reports at 16 MPAs........................................... 47 Annex 3. MPA governance................................................................................................................... 53 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. The number of villages surveyed during baseline (T0) and post-baseline (T1) periods .............. 6 Table 2. Locations where FGD and KII methods used to collect data ................................................................ 7 Table 4. MPA administrative information ........................................................................................................................ 10 Table 5. Number of schools in each MPA ...................................................................................................................... 14 Table 6. Percentages of each religion within each MPA ........................................................................................... 16 Table 7. Percentages of household based on primary occupation ....................................................................... 18 Table 8. Ethnic group composition in each MPA ......................................................................................................... 19 Table 9. Fishing vessel in each MPA ................................................................................................................................... 19 Table 10. Types of targeted fish and fishing tools in various MPAs ..................................................................... 21 Table 11. Fishing seasons in each MPA............................................................................................................................. 23 Table 12. Processing and Marketing of Fishery Products ......................................................................................... 24 Table 13. Fisher cooperatives and insurance ................................................................................................................. 24 Table 14. Fishing gear ............................................................................................................................................................... 26 Table 15. Establishment status and zoning of each MPA .......................................................................................... 27 Table 16. Results from baseline (T0) and post-baseline (T1) surveys on the effectiveness of MPA management ...................................................................................................... 29 Table 17. Recommendations from various social surveys conducted through the SEA Project ............ 39 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. WPPNRI 715 .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Figure 2. Respondent interview at Makian – Moti ......................................................................................................... 7 Figure 3. Children at Buano island ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Figure 4. Making concrete bricks is one the occupations in Talapao village at Makian-Moti MPA ........ 17 Figure 5. A fisher and his catch ............................................................................................................................................ 23 Figure 6. Score on management effectiveness of each MPA and the increase on the number of MPAs during the USAID SEA Project 2015/17-20 ..................................................................................................