ALNEELAIN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING M.Sc. OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Design of a Smart Greenhouse Adaptation and Control Irrigation System based on Arduino and Android Application Thesis Submitted of Partial Fulfillment for M.Sc. Degree in Embedded Systems Prepared by: Motaz Alhassin Alhassan Abdalrahman Supervisor: Prof. Shareif Fadul Babikir February 2020 I اﻻستهﻻل بسى اهلل انشحًٍ انشحٍى قبل حعبنى : ﴿ نَرْفَعُ دَرَجَاتٍ مَّن نَّشَاءُ ۗ وَفَىْقَ كُلِّ ذِي عِلْمٍ عَلِيمٌ ﴾ سىرة يىسف - اﻵية )67( I DEDICATION I am very grateful to Almighty Allah for helping me through this long journey, May He continues to bless, help and guide us to the right path. I dedicate this project to all those that helped me toward this success, specially my parents, my families, my teachers and my colleagues. And do not forget also those who departed from our world of teachers. Thank you all… II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this project. A special thanks to my supervisor Prof. Sharief Fadul Babikir, who helped me, stimulating suggestions and encouragement, help gratitude to coordinate my project and writing this Thesis. III ABSTRACT Greenhouse is a kind of place which can change growth environment of plants, create the best conditions for plant growth, and avoid influence on plant growth due to outside changing. In this thesis, Android and Arduino based system applied to monitor and control greenhouse irrigation, temperature and humidity designed. The main objective of thesis to afford a cheap technology to control agriculture process. The methodology followed for show the results and control the system by using low power consumption Arduino kit and Bluetooth module. The result obtained show that the system performance is quite reliable and has successfully overcome quite a few shortcomings of the existing systems by reducing the power consumption, maintenance and complexity, at the same time providing a flexible and reliable form of maintaining the environment. IV المستخلص انبٍج انًحًً عببسة عٍ يكبٌ ٌخى فٍّ حغٍٍش بٍئت ًَٕ انُببث ٔحٕفٍش انبٍئت انًثهى نًُٕ انُببث ٔحفبدي حغٍشاث انًُبخ انخبسجً . فً انبٍج انًحًً ٌٕجذ انكثٍش يٍ انًؤششاث انبٍئٍت ٔانخً ٌصعب يشاقبخٓب ٌذٌٔب . اﻷطشٔحّ ححخٕي عهً حصًٍى دائشة بًخحكى قببم نهبشيجت ٔ يشبٕط بخطبٍق اَذسٌٔذ نخخحكى ببنشي ٔحشاقب ٔ حخحكى بذسجت انحشاسة ٔانشطٕبت انُسبٍت داخم انبٍج انًحًً، حٍذ ًٌثم فٍٓب )اﻻسدٌُٕٔ( انًخحكى انشئٍسً. انٓذف انشئٍسً نﻷطشٔحّ ْٕ أٌ حٕفش حكُٕنٕنجٍب سخٍصّ نهخحكى فً عًهٍت انزساعت، ٔطشٌقت انعًم انًخبعّ نٓزِ انخكُٕنٕجٍب بأسخخذاو يخحكًت )اسدٌُٕٔ( راث اﻷسخٓﻻك اﻷقم نهطبقّ يع سبطٓب بٕحذة بهٕحٕد نعشض انُخبئج ٔانخحكى فٍٓب. َخٍجت ﻻسخخذاو ْزا انُظبو حى حم عذٌذ يٍ يشكﻻث اﻷَظًت انسببقت حٍذ حى حقهٍم انطبقت انًسخٓهكت ٔاصبحج اﻷَظًت أقم حعقٍذا، ٌٔعخًذ عهٍٓب نهحفبظ عهً بٍئت يُبسبت نًُٕ انُببث. V TABLE OF CONTENTS I ............................................................................................. اﻻستهﻻل DEDICATION ............................................................................. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................... III ABSTRACT ............................................................................... IIV V ......................................................................................... المستخلص TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................ VIVIIII LIST OF SYMBOLS ........................................................... VIVIII ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................... IIX Chapter One .................................................................................... 1 Introduction ..................................................................................... 1 1.1 Preface .................................................................................. 1 1.2 Problem Statement .............................................................. 1 1.3 Project Objectives ................................................................ 2 1.4 Methodology ......................................................................... 2 1.5 Outlines of the Thesis .......................................................... 3 Chapter Two ................................................................................... 4 Literature Review ........................................................................... 4 2.1 Overview ............................................................................... 4 2.2 Control of Greenhouse ........................................................ 4 2.2.1 Temperature Control .................................................... 4 2.2.2 Greenhouse Cooling ...................................................... 5 2.2.3 Greenhouse Heating ...................................................... 6 2.2.4 Humidity Control .......................................................... 6 2.3 Software Environment ........................................................ 7 2.3.1 Arduino IDE................................................................... 7 2.3.2 Android Service ............................................................. 9 2.3.3 MIT app inventor ........................................................ 10 2.3.4 App Inventor Built-in Blocks ..................................... 11 2.4 Control Unit ....................................................................... 12 2.4.1 Arduino ......................................................................... 12 VI 2.5 Sensors ................................................................................ 17 2.5.1 LM35 Temperature Sensor ........................................ 18 2.5.2 DHT 11 Humidity & Temperature Sensor .............. 18 2.5.3 Water sensor ................................................................ 19 2.6 Bluetooth technology ......................................................... 20 2.6.1 Bluetooth module HC-06 ............................................ 21 Chapter Three ............................................................................... 22 Methodology ................................................................................. 22 3.1 Overview ............................................................................. 22 3.2 Block Diagram of The System .......................................... 22 3.3 Flow Chart of The System ................................................ 23 3.4 The system connection ...................................................... 24 3.5 Arduino sensor readings ................................................... 24 3.6 LM35 Temperature calculation ....................................... 25 3.7 DHT11 Humidity calculation ........................................... 25 3.8 Software implementation .................................................. 27 3.9 User interface ..................................................................... 28 3.10 Circuit Simulation ........................................................... 30 Chapter Four ................................................................................. 31 Result and Discussions ................................................................. 31 4.1 Android application interfacing result ............................ 31 4.2 Testing of Temperature Sensor ........................................ 31 4.3 Testing of water sensor ..................................................... 32 4.3 Controlling via the application ........................................ 33 Chapter Five .................................................................................. 35 Conclusion and Recommendations .............................................. 35 5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................... 35 5.2 Recommendations .............................................................. 35 Refrencece .................................................................................... 40 Appendices .................................................................................. A-1 VII LIST OF FIGURES Figure No Figure Name Page Figure ‎2.1 Arduino IDE 9 Figure 2.2 MIT APP Inventor 11 Figure ‎2.3 Arduino Uno 14 Figure ‎2.4 LM35 Temperature Sensor 18 Figure ‎2.5 DHT humidity sensor 19 Figure 2.6 Water sensor. 20 Figure ‎2.7 Bluetooth module HC-06 21 Figure 3.1 Block diagram of the system 22 Figure 3.2 Block diagram of the system 23 Figure 3.3 Designer screen 28 Figure 3.4 Android user interface 29 Figure 3.5 Mounting of the tablet 30 Figure 3.6 Simulation of system hardware circuit 30 Figure 4.1 User interface of android application 31 Figure 4.2 Temperature sensor readings 32 Figure 4.3 Water sensor reading 32 Figure 4.4 Readings in application and controlling motor 34 bump and cooling fan LIST OF SYMBOLS °C degree Celsius µ Micro VIII ABBREVIATIONS AC Analog Current AIDL Android Interface Definition Language AREF Analog Reference CSAIL MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory DC Direct Current DHT Digital Temperature and Humidity Sensor GHZ Giga Hertz GND Ground IC Integrated Circuit IDE Integrated Development Environment IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IoT Internet of Things ISM Institute for Supply Management LED Light Emitting Diode MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology NTC Negative Temperature Coefficient OS Operating System PAN Personal Area Network PC Personal Computer PLC Programmable Logic Control PWM