CHAPTER TITLE I NATIONALISM AND THE BODY POLITIC NEW INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY OF GROUP ANALYSIS Series Editor: Earl Hopper Other titles in the Series Contributions of Self Psychology to Group Psychotherapy: Selected Papers by Walter N. Stone Difficult Topics in Group Psychotherapy: My Journey from Shame to Courage by Jerome S. Gans Resistance, Rebellion and Refusal in Groups: The 3 Rs by Richard M. Billow The Social Unconscious in Persons, Groups, and Societies. Volume 1: Mainly Theory edited by Earl Hopper and Haim Weinberg The Social Nature of Persons: One Person is No Person by A. P. Tom Ormay Trauma and Organizations edited by Earl Hopper Small, Large, and Median Groups: The Work of Patrick de Maré edited by Rachel Lenn and Karen Stefano The Dialogues in and of the Group: Lacanian Perspectives on the Psychoanalytic Group Macario Giraldo From Psychoanalysis to Group Analysis: The Pioneering Work of Trigant Burrow edited by Edi Gatti Pertegato and Giorgio Orghe Pertegato The One and the Many: Relational Psychoanalysis and Group Analysis by Juan Tubert-Oklander Listening with the Fourth Ear: Unconscious Dynamics in Analytic Group Therapy by Leonard Horwitz Forensic Group Psychotherapy: The Portman Clinic Approach edited by John Woods and Andrew Williams (joint publication with Portman) NATIONALISM AND THE BODY POLITIC Psychoanalysis and the Rise of Ethnocentrism and Xenophobia Edited by Lene Auestad First published in 2014 by Karnac Books Ltd 118 Finchley Road, London NW3 5HT Copyright © 2014 to Lene Auestad for the edited collection, and to the indi- vidual authors for their contributions. The rights of the editor and contributors to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted in accordance with §§ 77 and 78 of the Copyright Design and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A C.I.P. for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 78049 102 8 Edited, designed and produced by The Studio Publishing Services Ltd www.publishingservicesuk.co.uk e-mail: [email protected] Printed in Great Britain www.karnacbooks.com CONTENTS ABOUT THE EDITOR AND CONTRIBUTORS viii NEW INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY OF GROUP ANALYSIS FOREWORD by Earl Hopper xii INTRODUCTION by Lene Auestad xv PART I: BODIES AND BOUNDARIES: XENOPHOBIC IMAGININGS Editor’s introduction to Chapter One 3 CHAPTER ONE Fortress hypochondria: health and safety 5 Julia Borossa and Caroline Rooney Editor’s introduction to Chapter Two 21 CHAPTER TWO “Budapest, the capital of Hungarians”: rhetoric, images, 23 and symbols of the Hungarian extreme right movements Ferenc Ero˝s v vi CONTENTS Editor’s introduction to Chapter Three 39 CHAPTER THREE Idealised sameness and orchestrated hatred: extreme and 41 mainstream nationalism in Norway Lene Auestad PART II: CONSTELLATIONS OF NATIONALISM Editor’s introduction to Chapter Four 63 CHAPTER FOUR Funeral policy: the case of mourning populism in Poland 65 Szymon Wróbel Editor’s introduction to Chapter Five 85 CHAPTER FIVE The theory of Incohesion: Aggregation/Massification 87 as the fourth basic assumption in the unconscious life of groups and group-like social systems Earl Hopper Editor’s introduction to Chapter Six 107 CHAPTER SIX The schizoanalysis of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, 109 or the political between schizophrenia and paranoia Audrone˙ Zˇukauskaite˙ Editor’s introduction to Chapter Seven 127 CHAPTER SEVEN Fundamentalism, Nazism, and inferiority 129 Haakon Flemmen PART III: HISTORY, LONGING, IDENTIFICATION Editor’s introduction to Chapter Eight 143 CHAPTER EIGHT The Mexican: phantasy, trauma, and history 145 Jonathan Davidoff CONTENTS vii Editor’s introduction to Chapter Nine 161 CHAPTER NINE Psychoanalysis and peace: Erich Fromm on history, 163 politics, and the nation Martyn Housden Editor’s introduction to Chapter Ten 185 CHAPTER TEN The making of the isotype character in the panoptic 187 system and its relation to globalised nationalism Svein Tjelta PART IV: THE “I” AND MOURNING Editor’s introduction to Chapter Eleven 207 CHAPTER ELEVEN The evil I retreat from in myself: nationalism and das Ding 209 Calum Neill Editor’s introduction to Chapter Twelve 223 CHAPTER TWELVE Between fantasy and melancholia: lack, otherness, 225 and violence Margarita Palacios APPENDIX Introducing Psychoanalysis and Politics: a conversation 247 with Lene Auestad and Jonathan Davidoff Conducted and edited by Steffen Krüger INDEX 267 ABOUT THE EDITOR AND CONTRIBUTORS Lene Auestad, PhD, is research fellow in philosophy, University of Oslo, affiliated with the Centre for Studies of the Holocaust and Religious Minorities, Oslo. She moved to the UK to pursue her long- standing interest in British psychoanalysis. She founded and co-ordi- nates the conference series Psychoanalysis and Politics. Working at the interface of psychoanalytic thinking and ethics/political theory, her writing has focused on the themes of emotions, prejudice, and minority rights. She is the editor of Psychoanalysis and Politics. Exclusion and the Politics of Representation (Karnac, 2012) and has co- edited a book on Hannah Arendt in Norwegian (Akademika, 2011). Julia Borossa is director of the research centre and of the program- mes in psychoanalysis at Middlesex University. She is the editor of Sandor Ferenczi: Selected Writings (1999) and (with Ivan Ward) of Psychoanalysis, Fascism, Fundamentalism (2009), and the author of Hysteria (2001). Her work on the histories and politics of psycho- analysis has appeared in edited collections and journals, including the Oxford Literary Review, the Journal of European Studies, and the Journal of Postcolonial Writing. viii ABOUT THE EDITOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ix Jonathan Davidoff trained as a psychotherapist at the Tavistock Centre in London and works as an honorary psychotherapist at Middlesex University Hospital in London. He is a research psycholo- gist working in the private sector and PhD candidate at the Psychoanalysis Unit of University College London. He has been one of the co-ordinators of Psychoanalysis and Politics since 2010. His research aims to combine psychoanalytic theory, philosophy, litera- ture, and historiography to understand social and individual phenomena. He has publications on the topics of exclusion, social and individual representations, and Lacanian psychoanalytic theory. Ferenc Ero˝s is senior research fellow at the Research Institute for Cognitive Neurosciences and Psychology at the Research Center for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and Professor of Social Psychology at the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Pécs, where he directs a postgraduate programme in psychoanalytic theory. His main research areas include history and theory of psychoanalysis, and social psychology of prejudice and discrimination. In these fields he has several publications in Hungarian, English, and German. Haakon Flemmen is a journalist, writer, and historian of ideas. He is culture editor of the Norwegian national daily newspaper Klasse- kampen and is among the editors of Arr – The Norwegian Journal of the History of Ideas. His research interests include Norwegian intellectual history, pre-war history of Norwegian philosophy, and the history of psychoanalysis. Earl Hopper, PhD, CGP, FAGPA, is a psychoanalyst, group analyst and organisational consultant in private practice in London. He is a supervisor and training analyst for the Institute of Group Analysis, the British Association of Psychotherapists, and the London Centre for Psychotherapy, a Fellow of the British Psychoanalytical Society, and a member of the Group Analytic Society. He is an Honorary Tutor at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Trust and a member of the Faculty of the Post-Doctoral Program at Adelphi University, New York. He is also a Fellow of the American Group Psychotherapy Association, a former President of the International Association for Group Psychotherapy and Group Processes, a former Chairman of the Association of x ABOUT THE EDITOR AND CONTRIBUTORS Independent Psychoanalysts of the British Psychoanalytical Society, and a former member of the Executive Committee of the Group Analytic Society (London). Martyn Housden is Reader in Modern History at the University of Bradford. His main research interests are German history 1918–1945, the history of European national minorities during the interwar period, the humanitarian work of the League of Nations (particularly concerning refugee history), and the history of ideas. Steffen Krüger, PhD, is an independent scholar, university lecturer and a researcher in residence at the Institute for Media and Com- munication at Oslo University. He is a contributing editor of the jour- nal American Imago, founded by Sigmund Freud and Hanns Sachs in 1939. His research interests are in the fields of media aesthetics and media communication from a psychoanalytic/psychosocial perspec- tive. He has done extensive research on the “applied” psychoanalytic works of Ernst Kris (1900–1957). Recently, he has turned his attention to Alfred Lorenzer and the depth hermeneutic method of scenic understanding. His latest publications in English: “Fresh brains— Jacques Lacan’s critique of Ernst Kris’s psychoanalytic method in the context of Kris’s theoretical writings” (American Imago, 04/2012);