Edited by Andrew Forbes Edited by the Sea from Combined and Joint Operations Combined and Joint Operations from the Sea Edited by Andrew Forbes DPS MAY038/14 Sea Power centre - australia Combined and Joint Operations from the Sea Proceedings of the Royal Australian Navy Sea Power Conference 2010 © Commonwealth of Australia 2014 This work is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, and with the standard Combined and Joint source credit included, no part may be reproduced without written permission. Inquiries should be directed to the Director, Sea Power Centre - Australia. Operations from the Sea The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy position of the Australian Government, the Department of Defence and the Royal Australian Proceedings of the Royal Australian Navy Navy. The Commonwealth of Australia will not be legally responsible in contract, tort, or Sea Power Conference 2010 otherwise for any statement made in this publication. National Library of Australia - Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Editor: Forbes, Andrew Robert 1962 - Title: Combined and Joint Operations from the Sea Sub-Title: Proceedings of the Royal Australian Navy Sea Power Conference 2010 ISBN: 978-0-9925004-4-3 Edited by Andrew Forbes Sea Power Centre – Australia The Sea Power Centre - Australia was established to undertake activities to promote the study, Contents discussion and awareness of maritime issues and strategy within the Royal Australian Navy, the Department of Defence and civil communities at large. Its mission is: • to promote understanding of sea power and its application to the security of Australia’s national interests Foreword vii • to manage the development of RAN doctrine and facilitate its incorporation into ADF doctrine Notes on Contributors ix • to contribute to regional engagement Abbreviations xi • to contribute to the development of maritime strategic concepts and strategic and operational level doctrine, and facilitate informed force structure decisions PART 1 Keynote Addresses • to preserve, develop and promote Australian naval history. Minister for Defence 3 John Faulkner Comments on this volume or any enquiry related to the activities of the Centre should be directed to: Chief of Navy 11 Director Russ Crane Sea Power Centre - Australia Chief of Army 19 Department of Defence Ken Gillespie PO Box 7942 Canberra BC ACT 2610 Chief of Air Force 27 AUSTRALIA Mark Binskin Email: [email protected] PART 2 Recent Operations Website: www.navy.gov.au/spc Japanese Counter-Piracy Operations 35 Izuru Fukumoto Chinese Commandos in the Gulf of Aden 39 Xiao Xinnian Creating Opportunities for Cooperation: 43 Task Force 76 Operations in 2009 Richard B Landolt United States Marine Corps Strategy and Vision 2025 49 Terry G Robling Humanitarian Response: a New Zealand Defence Force Perspective 57 Tony Parr Operations SUMATRA ASSIST, 63 PADANG ASSIST and SAMOA ASSIST Peter Leschen The Importance of Sea Power to INTERFET 77 Peter Cosgrove vi | Combined and Joint Operations from the Sea Foreword PART 3 International Perspectives The RoK Navy’s Amphibious Capabilities 85 Sukjoon Yoon Indonesian and Australian Naval Cooperation 93 Projecting power from the sea to influence events ashore is a fundamental role for Desi Albert Mamahit any maritime force. This role is integral to the span of maritime tasks from combat operations such as land strike and amphibious operations, through to humanitarian A Royal Marine Perspective on Amphibious Operations 101 assistance and disaster relief. For Australia, the need to be able to fight ‘at sea’ and Andy Salmon establish sea control allows us to fight ‘from the sea’ where we are able to assist in Towards a Doctrine for Combined and Joint Operations from the Sea 107 achieving strategic goals. Marcus Houben With the commissioning of HMAS Tobruk in 1981, the ADF commenced the The Littoral: The Archetypal Joint Paradigm? 115 development of an amphibious force that would greatly enhance our ability to Jeremy Blackham conduct operations from the sea. Complemented by six heavy landing craft (the hard working and now venerable Balikpapan class LCH) and initially supplemented by Defining and Describing Maritime Irregular Warfare in Asia 121 the sea-lift capabilities of the converted ferry, HMAS Jervis Bay, the seed of a sea-lift Martin Murphy and amphibious capability was planted. The capability grew considerably in 1994 with the purchase of two ex-USN Newport class tank landing ships, commissioned PART 4 Australian Amphibious Concepts as HMA Ships Kanimbla and Manoora, and further troop-lift capability was added Enhancing Australia’s Civil-Military Capabilities 141 for operations in East Timor in 1999 with the charter of the fast catamaran, HMAS Michael G Smith Jervis Bay. The Future ADF Amphibious Warfare Capability 153 The 2007 decision to acquire two Spanish designed amphibious ships (LHD), to be Iain Jarvie named HMA Ships Canberra and Adelaide, marked the next major advance in the Developing Amphibious Capability: 159 development of the amphibious capability and, given the size and capability of these The Need for Greater Industry Engagement ships, was also the most ambitious. Operating these ships to their full potential to Rowan Tink project power from the sea to the shore will considerably challenge not just the RAN, but also the ADF. Sustainment of the Canberra Class LHD 173 Kathryn Richards and Chris Nelms With these challenges in mind, the RAN Sea Power Conference 2010, Combined Training Implications of the Canberra Class LHD 179 and Joint Operations from the Sea, was held in Sydney between 27 and 30 January Daryl Bates 2010. Held once again in conjunction with the Pacific 2010 International Maritime Exposition and the International Maritime Conference, the Sea Power Conference Combat Aviation Afloat: The Fleet Air Arm Perspective 187 aimed to provide a forum for exploring the ADF-wide implications of this significant Tony Dalton capability increase and to highlight the beneficial attributes of maritime power Combat Aviation Afloat: A Sea Change for Army Aviation 191 projection - benefits that the LHD will be particularly well placed to exploit. The Andrew MacNab papers presented during the conference covered a broad range of issues and were written by serving and retired naval officers, both from Australian and international Key Factors in Attaining the Future ADF Amphibious Capability 197 navies, and a wide range of academics. Stephen Woodall The Execution of Expeditionary Operations 209 Given that Australia’s amphibious capability will be truly joint in nature, it was fitting by Joint Operations Command that the keynote address was given jointly by the three Chiefs of Service. Each gave David Johnston a unique perspective of how their Service would contribute to amphibious capability viii | Combined and Joint Operations from the Sea and the challenges that they faced in achieving it. Their presentations form the first part of this volume, and provide an insight into how the ADF is evolving into a Notes on Contributors maritime force. The next part looks at recent operational experiences, both Australian and international. Humanitarian operations such as those conducted in the wake of the Note: Positions held were at the time of the conference. 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, counter-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden, and Australia’s peacekeeping operations in East Timor all provide valuable lessons in Commodore Darryl Bates, AM, RAN is Commodore Training, Fleet Headquarters. the challenges of conduction maritime power projection both close to home and at a Air Marshal Mark Binskin, AM is Chief of Air Force. distance in the face of a range of threats. Vice Admiral Sir Jeremy Blackham, KCB (Rtd) is Editor of the Naval Review and Part Three gives international perspectives on expeditionary and amphibious Vice President, Royal United Services Institute, United Kingdom. capability. Presentations from Republic of Korea, the Netherlands, the United General Peter Cosgrove, AC, MC (Rtd) was Chief of Defence Force (2002-05). Kingdom and Indonesia provided an interesting perspective on the common challenges and the considerable differences in how our countries are approaching Vice Admiral Russ Crane, AO, CSM, RAN is Chief of Navy. acquiring and using this capability. Commodore Anthony Dalton, CSC, RAN is Commander Fleet Air Arm. The final part examines Australian issues and gives a good indication of the broad Senator the Hon John Faulkner is Minister for Defence. scope of challenge we face. These include establishing an appropriate and workable Mr Andrew Forbes is Deputy Director (Research), Sea Power Centre - Australia. command and control structure, training implications of generating sailors with the required skills, how best to sustain an amphibious capability, and implications for Rear Admiral Izuru Fukumoto, JMSDF is Vice President of the Japan Maritime Australian industry. The papers in this section show the ADF has a lot of work Self-Defense Force Staff College. facing it in the coming years, but the benefits will be considerable. Lieutenant General Ken Gillespie, AO, DSC, CSM is Chief of Army. In closing, I would like to thank one individual who, more than any other, was Lieutenant Colonel Marc Houben, RNLMC works at the Netherlands Maritime responsible for the success of the 2010 Sea Power Conference. Commander Keith Warfare Centre. Smith, RAN,