H2020 PULSAR D4.1 - D11.1A-MISSION ANALYSIS Document reference D4.1 H2020_PULSAR-TAS-D11.1a Mission Analysis v2.4_TAS-F Version 2.4 Delivery date 13/09/2019 Confidentiality Level Public Lead Partner TAS-F Project reference Grant Agreement n 821858 Name Organisation Date Prepared by TAS-F Team TAS-F 24/07/2019 Reviewed by Vincent Bissonnette MAG 13/09/2019 Approved by Thierry Germa MAG 13/09/2019 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 821858 Distribution Organisation Name EC Christos Ampatzis PSA Sabine Moreno (CNES) Michel Delpech (CNES) Javier Rodriguez (CDTI) Daniel Nolke (DLR) Daniel Jones (UKSA) Gianfranco Visentin (ESA) PULSAR Consortium Magellium DLR Space Applications Graal Tech ONERA CSEM DFKI Thales Alenia Space in France Ref.: D4.1 H2020_PULSAR-TAS-D11.1a Mission Analysis 24/07/2019 Page 2 of 63 v2.4.docx Document change record Ed. Vers. Date Change description 1 0 27/02/2019 Document created 1 1 5/03/2019 Draft skeleton 1 3 1/04/2019 Draft table of contents and initial contributions. 1 5 1/05/2019 Contributions from partners. 2 0 15/05/2019 Complete restructuration. Split in three volumes: D11.1a – Mission Analysis D11.1b – Technology Review D11.1c – System Requirement Document 2 1 21/05/2019 Release of an almost definitive draft. Most sections have been completed. 2 2 29/05/2019 Added last details in Mirrors and payload module section 2 3 20/05/2019 Review and formatting 2 4 24/07/2019 Update after SRR to answer SRR RIDs : OG08-SRR-GV-010: addition of sunshield resources (mass and volume) and deployment sequence in sections 3.3, 3.4 and 5.2 OG08-SRR-GV-011: addition of concept for tiles securing during launch (trade-off between dedicated launch locks or use of standard interface) in sections 3.4 and 5.2 Ref.: D4.1 H2020_PULSAR-TAS-D11.1a Mission Analysis 24/07/2019 Page 3 of 63 v2.4.docx Table of contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................ 8 1.1 Context ................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Associated documents ............................................................................................. 9 1.2.1 Applicable documents ........................................................................................ 9 1.2.2 Reference documents ........................................................................................ 9 2 High Level Science Needs .................................................. 10 3 Scenario Overview and Trade-Off ...................................... 12 3.1 Orbit selection trade-off for PULSAR ....................................................................... 18 3.2 Launcher selection trade-off for PULSAR .................................................................. 21 3.3 Sizing constraints for PULSAR ................................................................................ 25 3.3.1 Mass limitations .............................................................................................. 26 3.3.2 Size limitations ............................................................................................... 29 3.4 Mission scenarios ................................................................................................. 32 3.4.1 Scenario #1: independent mirror tiles ............................................................... 32 3.4.2 Scenario #2: semi-deployable structure ............................................................ 33 3.4.3 Scenario #3: double launch ............................................................................. 36 3.4.4 Synthesis of trade-offs .................................................................................... 38 3.4.5 Optimization .................................................................................................. 38 4 Mission Timeline ............................................................... 41 5 Spacecraft Design ............................................................. 43 5.1 Design Overview .................................................................................................. 43 5.2 Spacecraft Sizing .................................................................................................. 44 5.3 Assembly Sequence .............................................................................................. 47 5.4 Mirrors and payload module ................................................................................... 52 5.5 Bus module ......................................................................................................... 52 5.5.1 Power subsystem ............................................................................................ 53 5.5.2 Propulsion ...................................................................................................... 54 5.5.3 Attitude determination and control system ......................................................... 55 5.5.4 Thermal regulation and sun shield .................................................................... 57 5.5.5 Data handling and TM&TC ................................................................................ 58 6 Conclusion ........................................................................ 59 7 Trade-off report ................................................................ 60 Ref.: D4.1 H2020_PULSAR-TAS-D11.1a Mission Analysis 24/07/2019 Page 4 of 63 v2.4.docx List of Figures Figure 2-1 – Observation capabilities from ground and from space. ................................... 10 Figure 2-2 - NASA's roadmap for space telescopes. ......................................................... 11 Figure 3-1 - Eagle Nebula’s “Pillars of Creation” – Hubble Space Telescope (hubblesite.org).. 12 Figure 3-2 – Bidding Hubble farewell (2009, hubblesite.org) ............................................. 13 Figure 3-3 – James Webb Space Telescope (jwst.nasa.gov) .............................................. 13 Figure 3-4 – Stowed and deployed views of JWST (hubble.stsci.edu/webb_telescope) .......... 14 Figure 3-5 – Sun-Earth Langrangian points. .................................................................... 15 Figure 3-6 – Panorama of space telescopes funded or participated by ESA. ......................... 16 Figure 3-7 – Herschel (esa.int) ...................................................................................... 17 Figure 3-8 - Future ESA missions, Euclid (left) and Plato (right). ....................................... 17 Figure 3-9 – James Webb observation capabilities. .......................................................... 19 Figure 3-10 – Performances of future large telescopes. .................................................... 22 Figure 3-11 - James Webb telescope deployment sequence (science.nrao.edu) ................... 23 Figure 3-12 – Ariane-6 usable volume, source : user manual. ........................................... 26 Figure 3-13 – Spacecraft break-down structure. .............................................................. 27 Figure 3-14 - PULSAR break-down structure, highlighting new elements wrt JWST. ............. 28 Figure 3-15 – Primary mirror concept ............................................................................. 29 Figure 3-16 – Sizing configuration. ................................................................................ 30 Figure 3-17 – Tiles disposition in the tile dispenser. ......................................................... 31 Figure 3-18 – Scenario #1 – Sizing considerations. .......................................................... 32 Figure 3-19 – Number of tiles and interfaces needed for assembly of primary mirror using independent tiles. .................................................................................... 33 Figure 3-20 – Primary mirror using the concept of pre-assembly of mirror tiles. .................. 34 Figure 3-21 - Concept for scenario #2 - Semi-deployable structure. .................................. 35 Figure 3-22 – Tiles interconnection concept. ................................................................... 36 Figure 3-23 - Cargo vehicle full of mirror tiles. ................................................................ 37 Figure 3-24 - Scenario #3 - primary mirror size. ............................................................. 37 Figure 3-25 – Trade-off #4 – Mobility of robotic manipulator. ........................................... 39 Figure 3-26 - Robotic manipulator on a rail. .................................................................... 39 Figure 3-27 - Optimized assembly concept. .................................................................... 40 Figure 4-1 – Time scope of space telescopes in the next decades. ..................................... 41 Figure 5-1 - Preliminary design of space vehicle. ............................................................. 44 Figure 5-1 - HDRM model 9103 from NEA Electronics (credit NEA). .................................... 45 Figure 5-3 – Sunshield deployment (part 1). ................................................................... 47 Figure 5-4 – Sunshield deployment (part 2). ................................................................... 47 Figure 5-5 – Sunshield deployment (part 3). ................................................................... 48 Figure 5-2 - Assembly operations 1. .............................................................................