Addis Ababa University College of Social Science Department of Geography and Environmental Studies GIS Based Assessment of Road Traffic Accidents in Adama (Nazerth) City By: Berhane G/Yesus Advisor: Dr. Yohannes G/Michael June, 2015 Addis Ababa GIS Based Assessment of Road Traffic Accidents in Adama (Nazerth) City By: Berhane G/Yesus In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Geography and Environmental Studies with Specialization in GIS and Digital Cartography Advisor: Dr. Yohannes G/Michael June, 2015 Addis Ababa Addis Ababa University College of Social Sciences School of Graduate Studies This is certifying that the project prepared by Berhane G/yesus, entitled: GIS Based Assessment of Road Traffic Accident in Adama (Nazerth) City and submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Geography and environmental Studies with Specialization in GIS and Digital Cartography. Examining Committee Advisor Signature Date External Examiner Signature Date Internal Examiner Signature Date Acknowledgment First and for most I would like to thanks God who fulfill our wants and then my deepest appreciation goes to my advisor Dr. yohannes, for his constructive and crucial advice in shaping and correcting this research paper. His encouragement and well coming face at a time will never be forgotten. My gratitude goes to thank the Adama City Municipality particularly the Land Administration Office, the Adama Statistics Agency, Adama Traffic Police Department, and Adama Transport agency. Adama Education Department, Adama Health center, Adama Hospital, Adama Medhanialem hospital and Adama General Hospital were all generous enough to put at my disposal data that were needed for the research. My sincere thanks go to the numerous men and women particularly: officers, police, Pedestrians, teachers, students, drivers who willingly respond my questionnaires to full fill the study in qualitative and quantitative data of the research. Finally, I wish to express my profound appreciation to Ato Kemal who is a kind person and facilitate to get GIS data from his staff members in the Land Administration section of the Adama City Municipality. i Table of Contents Contents Page Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ ii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. v List of Photos ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ viii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Statement of the Problem .................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Objectives of the Study ....................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1. General-objective ........................................................................................................ 2 1.2.2. Specific objectives ....................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Research Questions ............................................................................................................. 3 1.4. The Scope of the Study ....................................................................................................... 3 1.5. Significance of the Study .................................................................................................... 3 1.6. Limitations of the Study...................................................................................................... 4 1.7. Organization of the Study ................................................................................................... 4 1.8. Materials and Methods ........................................................................................................ 5 1.8.1. Materials ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.8.2. Sampling Procedure .................................................................................................... 5 1.8.3. Data collection, Processing, Presentation and Analysis. ............................................. 6 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 7 Review of the Literature ................................................................................................................. 7 2.1. Overview ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.2. Dynamics of Road Traffic Accidents ................................................................................. 8 2.2.1. Globally ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2. Africa ......................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.3. Ethiopia ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.4. Trend of Road Traffic Accident in Ethiopia. ............................................................ 18 CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 20 ii Profile of Adama City ................................................................................................................... 20 3.1. Overview ........................................................................................................................... 20 3.2. Location ............................................................................................................................ 20 3.3. Climate of Adama(Nazreth) .............................................................................................. 22 3.4. Socio-Economic Profile .................................................................................................... 23 3.4.1. Demography .............................................................................................................. 23 3.4.2. Socio-Economic Aspect ............................................................................................ 24 3.4.3. Education ................................................................................................................... 26 3.4.4. Health ........................................................................................................................ 27 3.5. Land Use Patterns and Master Plan .................................................................................. 28 3.6. Topography of Adama. ..................................................................................................... 32 3.7. Soil Type in Adama .......................................................................................................... 33 Figure 8 Map of Soil type in Adama. ....................................................................................... 33 3.8. Road and Transport ........................................................................................................... 34 3.8.1. Classification of Roads .............................................................................................. 34 3.8.2. Transportation ........................................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................................................................... 37 Analysis of Research Finding ....................................................................................................... 37 4.1. Road Traffic Accident Situation in Adama City ............................................................... 37 4.1.1. Estimated Cost of Road Traffic Accident in Adama City 2004/05 to 2013/14 ........ 39 4.2. The Temporal Variation of Road Traffic Accidents ......................................................... 39 4.2.1. Day and Night Variation. .......................................................................................... 39 4.2.2. Daily Distribution of Road Traffic Accidents ........................................................... 41 4.2.3. Seasonal Distribution of Road Traffic Accident ....................................................... 42 4.3. The Spatial Variation of Road Traffic Accidents ............................................................. 44 4.3.1. Place of Occurrence ..................................................................................................