Henri Pirenne and Karl La pre!"#$% Kulturgeschichte In#ellec#&al #ran%'er (r théorie fumeuse) G*N*+I,+*-./RL/N01 1111111111111111111111111/%%i%#an#e en p"il(%(p"ie 2 3a!&l#4% &ni5ersi#aire% 6ain#-L(&i% Karl La pre!"# 71856-1915) and Henri Pirenne 71862-1935) are re<arded a% #=( (' #he 'ine%# "i%#orian% in Ger an and Bel<ian hi%#ori(<raphy a# #he #urn (' #he 20t" !ent&r>. La pre!"# =a% a pr('e%%or a# #he ?ni5er%i#> (' Leipzi< 71891-1915), =hile Pirenne held #"e %a e po%# a# #"e ?ni5er%i#> (' Ghent 71889-1930). The> =orAed #( expand hi%#(ri!al re%ear!" in#( #"e %#udy (' e!onomi! and %(!ial i%%ue%. The> not onl> &%ed ne= #>pe% (' ar!"i5e% C&# al%o e pl(>ed ne= e#hods (' %#a#i%#i!al anal>%i%. / 'e= ill&%#ra#ions (' #"eir inn(5a#i5e %piri# are La pre!"#$% C((A, Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter2, and Pirenne$% ar#i!le%, Les dénombrements de la population d'Ypres au XVe siècle (141!"1506)' (ontribution ) la statistique sociale du Moyen Age3 and Les documents d'archi.es comme sources de la démographie historique/4-- B(#" hi%#(rian% are al%( An(=n 'or #heir li'e-=orA%D La pre!"#$% Deutsche 0eschichte 715 5ol& e%, 1891-1909;5 and Pirenne$% 1istoire de 2elgique 77 5ol., 1900-1932).9 T"e%e #=( be%#%eller%7 are a%#erpie!e% (' liberal na#ional hi%#ori(<raph>. /l#"(&<" #he> are di''erent in (&#l((A, C(#" are ba%ed &pon 1. Corre%p(nden!e !(n!ernin< #"i% arti!le %"(&ld Ce addre%%ed #( Gene5iE5e .arlandD =arlandF'&%l.a!.Ce 2. T"e !( ple#e #i#le i% Deutsches Wirthschaftsleben im Mittelalter/ 3ntersuchungen 4ber die 5nt6ic7lung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes aufgrund der 8uellen 9un:chst des Mosellandes, Leip@i<, 0Grr, 1885-1889, 4 5(l. Hen!e'(rt", #"i% =ill Ce aCCre5ia#ed a% 0.LH. 3(r #"e p&Cli!a#i(n (' e#"(d(l(<i!all> i p(r#an# part% (' #"i% =(rk, %ee 6!"leier (1:88). 3. P&Cli%"ed in Viertel;ahrsschrift f4r <o9ial" und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 1, 1:03a, pp. 1-32. 4. Pirenne (1:03C; p&Cli%"ed in =n9ième congrès international d'h+giène et de démographie. T"i% ar#i!le i% a re5ie= (' #"e Ger an li#era#&re (n #"a# #(pi!. 5. T"e Deutsche 0eschichte =a% 'irs# p&Cli%"ed C> Gaertner in Berlin. In #"i% paper I re'er #( #"e '(&r#" edi#i(n p&Cli%"ed C> #"e %e!(nd edi#(r (' La pre!"#$% =(rkD .eid an, al%( in Berlin. Hen!e'(rt", i# =ill Ce aCCre5ia#ed a% 0G. 6. T"e 1istoire de 2elgi*ue =a% edi#ed C> La ertin in Br&%%el%. T"e 'ir%# 5(l& e =a% 'irs# p&Cli%"ed in German in 18:: C> Pert"e% 7G(#"a;. Hen!e'(r#", HB. 7. In #"e %&!!e%% (' La pre!"#$% =(rk, %ee C"i!Aerin< (1::3, 178, 321). 3(r #"e 1istoire de 2elgi*ue a% Ja Aind (' Bel<ian "i%#(ri!al BiCleJ, %ee L>(n (1:74, 403;. BTNG | RBHC, XLI, 2011, 3-4, pp. 427-455 #he principle% (' !&l#&ral hi%#or> 7Kulturgeschichte;, =hi!" anal>%e% a %(!ie#> in ter %-(' i#% poli#i!al, e!(nomi!, s(!ial, reli<i(&% and ar#i%#i!-%#r&!#&re%. ."a# did Pirenne (=e #( La pre!"# in "i% &%e (' Kulturgeschichte) T"e %!holarl> li#era#&re on Pirenne a%%& e% La pre!"#$% infl&ence a% i' i# =ere a 'a!#, #"(&<" =i#"(&# &!" e5idence. Br>!e L>on, ="( =r(#e Pirenne$% intelle!#ual Ci(<raphy 7L>on, 1974) and publi%hed %our!e% C> and aC(&# Pirenne 7%&!" a% hi% !orre%pondence =i#" Karl La pre!"#;, insi%#% #"a# La pre!"#$% idea% &%# ha5e a''e!#ed Pirenne Ce!a&%e #heir rela#ion%hip =a% %( !l(%e 7L>on, 1974, 128M L>on, 1966, 174). In her doc#(ral di%%er#a#ion on La pre!"#$% Kulturgeschichte, L&i%e 6!"(rn-6!"G##e 71984; point% (&# #"e influen!e (' La pre!"#$% Kulturnation (n #"e hi%#(ri(<raphy (' !oun#rie% =hi!" la!Aed #"e #radi#i(n (' a !entrali%ed %#a#e, %&!" a% Bel<i& , The Ne#herlands and P(land 76!horn-6!"G##e, 1984, 320sN;. Hi%#orian% (' #"e%e !(&ntrie%, ="i!" =ere #r>in< #( de5elop ne= na#ional iden#i#ie% a# #he end (' #he 1:#"-!en#ur>, %&ppor#ed #he-!oncept (' a !ul#ural na#ion eBi%#in< (5er #i e independen#l> (' poli#i!al re<i e% 76!"(rn-6!"G##e, 1985, 448%N;. H(re re!entl>, Mar! Boone a%%e%%ed tha# '(r Pirenne Jde <r(#e in%pira#(r Clijf# e5en=el Karl La pre!"# 71859-1:15;. KPL. +an La pre!"# nee # Pirenne e%%en#ieel "e# =erA e# aan de !(lle!#ie5e p%>!"(lo<ie en aan de e!(n( ie (n#leende Ce<rippen (5erJ KH(we5er, Karl La pre!"# re ained #"e <rea# in%pira#(r. 3r( La pre!"#, Pirenne e%%en#iall> ad(pted =(rAin< =i#" !(n!ep#% derived 'r( !(lle!tive p%>!"(l(<> and e!(n( i!%L 7B((ne, 2009, 9-7;. Concerning Pirenne$% re!epti(n (' La pre!"#$% Kulturgeschichte, #"ere are #hree i%%ue%D #he 'ir%# i% #"e in#ensi5e eB!"ange be#=een #he #=( "i%#(riansM #he-%e!ond addre%%e%-#"e no#ion o'-$!ul#ural na#ion', and the-#"ird consider% #he i pa!# (' La pre!"#$% idea% on e!(nomi!% and %(!ial ps>!hol(<>. The 'ir%# i%%&e i% N&i#e =ell doc& entedM #"e %e!(nd and #hird need deeper anal>%i%.8 There'ore, #he N&e%#ion a# i%%&e in #"i% ar#i!le i%D "(= %hall =e de%!riCe #"e intelle!#ual #rans'er 'r( La pre!"# #( Pirenne in #he area (' Kultur" geschichte) H> di%!&%%ion ha% #hree par#%D #he 'ir%# <i5e% an (&#line (' #"e e5ol&#ion (' La pre!"#$% and Pirenne$% rela#ions"ip in #he !onteB# (' #he interna#ionali%a#ion (' "i%#ori!al re%ear!"M #he %e!(nd par# i% rela#ed #( Pirenne$% per!ep#i(n (' La pre!"#$% Kulturgeschichte (5er #i eM and #he #"ird par#-'(!&%e% on i#% i ple enta#ion in Pirenne$% 1istoire de,2elgique. 8. 6ee L>(n$% %#&die% (n Pirenne. 6ee al%( 6pr(e Cerg 71:71, 377-449; and 5an .er5eAe (1:72, 3:-60), '(r #"e i pa!# (' #"e =ar (n #"e rela#i(n%"ip Ce#=een Pirenne and La pre!"#. K428L G. ./RL/N0 1. PIR*NN*-/N0 L/HPR*CHT-/6 .I66*N6CH/3T6IRG/NI6/TIR The 'ir%#-!onta!#% be#=een La pre!"#-and Pirenne-#((A pla!e in-#he 1880s. A# #ha# #i e La pre!"# =a% pri.at Dozent a# #"e ?ni5er%i#> (' B(nn and e pl(>ed C> #he banker and C&%ine%% an, G&%#a5 von He5i%%en, #( run #"e ?heinische 0esellschaft and #( !o-edi# #"e Westdeutsche Aeitschrift f4r 0eschichte und Kunst. T( e%#abli%" %!holarl> %#andard% (' hi%#(ri!al re%ear!h, C(#" 'or #hi% %(!ie#> and "i%#ori!al %(!ie#ie% in #he Rhine re<ion, La pre!"# ade !onta!#% =i#" '(rei<n hi%#(rians. Hi% 'ir%# !oncerns =ere #( ins&re adequa#e !on%er5a#ion in l(!al ar!"i5e% and i pr(5e #heir e#hods (' !la%%i'i!a#ion. He invi#ed Pirenne #( =ri#e an ar#i!le aC(&# ar!"i5e% in Bel<i& D De l'organisation des études d'histoire provinciale et locale en 2elgique 71884;.: La pre!"# al%( #ried #( en!(&ra<e %#udy (' #he Corder re<ion in !ollaC(ra#i(n =i#" Bel<ian, 0&#!" and 3ren!" "i%#orians 7Le=ald, 1956, 286%NM-6!"(rn-6!"G##e, 1984, 323;. In 1889, La pre!"# =a% appr(a!hed C> #he publi%her Per#"e% #( #aAe #"e hel (' Heeren and ?!Aer#$% 1istor+ of the 5uropean States70eschichte der europäischen <taaten;. He a!!epted on #he !ondi#ion #ha# he =(&ld be all(=ed #( re5i#ali%e #he %erie% and e pha%i%e !ul#ural hi%#or>. 6eeAing #( add a 5ol& e on Bel<i& #( #he %erie%, La pre!"# 'ir%# a%Aed Paul 3rederi!q, a !ollea<ue (' Pirenne a# #he ?ni5er%i#> (' Ghent, #( =ri#e a J'landri%!h- brabanti%!" Cur<undi%!he Ge%!hi!"#eJ 76pr(e ber<, 1971, 422M L>on, 1966, 163-164). 3rederi!N re'&%ed and re!( ended Pirenne. La pre!"#, ="( "ad read Pirenne$% 71894, 416-462; !ontriC&#ion #( La5i%%e and Ra baud'% 1istoire,0énérale, re!(<ni%ed tha# Pirenne had #he aCili#>-#o anal>%e a-%(!ie#> a% a-!( ple#e uni#. In-#hi%-'ir%#-%&r5e>, Pirenne had a%%er#ed #ha#-#he e!onomi! and %(!ial !ul#&ral uni#> (' Bel<ian principali#ie% durin< #he Hiddle /<e% n(# onl> exi%#ed C&# e5en !a&%ed #heir poli#i!al and in%#i#&#ional &ni'i!a#ion under #he H(&%e (' B&r<undy. In a le##er '(ll(=ing #heir ee#ing a# #he Congre%% (' Ger an Hi%#(rians in Leip@i< 71894)10, Pirenne a!!ep#ed La pre!"#$% (''er-#( !on#riC&#e #( #he 1istor+ of the 5uropean <tates. Heanwhile, he %&<<e%#ed expanding #he %!ope 'r( 3lander% and BraCan# #( in!lude Haina&l#, Holland 9. T"e ar#i!le p&Cli%"ed in #"e Westdeutsche Aeitschrift f4r 0eschichte und Kunst 7I+, 1885, pp. 113-138; =a% %i<ned C> Pirenne, LiE<e-Berlin. Pirenne, ="( "ad O&%# 'ini%"ed "i% %#&d> (' "i%#(ry, %pen# #"e a!ade i! >ear 1884-1885 in Ger an>.