Public Disclosure Authorized ESWATINI WATER SERVICES CORPORATION Public Disclosure Authorized GENERIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Public Disclosure Authorized FOR THE NHLANGANO-SIPHAMBANWENI WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT- SANITATION COMPONENT Proponent Prepared by Eswatini Water Services Corporation MTK Sustainable Technologies Emtfonjeni Building, Cultural Village Road Plot 753, Southern Distributor Road MR103 Road, Ezulwini, Eswatini Extension 7 Manzini P.O. Box 20 P.O Box 4019 Mbabane, H100 Manzini, M200 Public Disclosure Authorized Tel: +268 2416 9000 Tel: +268 2505 8875 Fax: +268 2416 3616 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 6 ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................................... 13 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 14 Project Objectives ............................................................................................................... 15 Project Component ............................................................................................................. 15 Generic ESMP For Component 2 ....................................................................................... 17 Project Institutional and Implementation Arrangements ...................................................... 18 Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy .............................................................. 18 Eswatini Water Services Corporation-Project Implementation Unit ...................... 18 Environmental Health Department ........................................................................... 18 Eswatini Environmental Authority ............................................................................ 18 Project Implementation Arrangements .................................................................... 19 2. STUDY METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 20 Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 20 Project Area Reconnaissance ....................................................................................................... 20 Consultations ...................................................................................................................... 20 Preparation of ESMP .......................................................................................................... 20 3. LEGAL, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .............................................. 21 Legal Framework ................................................................................................................ 21 Institutional Framework ....................................................................................................... 23 Eswatini Environmental Authority ............................................................................ 23 4. World Bank Environmental and Social Standards ................................................................ 24 Relevant Applicable ESSs .................................................................................................. 24 Environmental and Social Risk Classification ..................................................................... 26 Component II Risk Classification-Moderate Risk .................................................... 26 Requirements for Public Disclosure .................................................................................... 26 5. BASELINE DATA...................................................................................................................... 27 Location of the Project Area ................................................................................................ 27 Land Use ............................................................................................................................ 27 Surrounding Land use ................................................................................................. 28 Geology and Soils .............................................................................................................. 28 Climate ............................................................................................................................... 29 Average Monthly Rainfall of Nhlangano .................................................................. 30 Average Annual Rainfall of Nhlangano .................................................................... 30 Topography ........................................................................................................................ 32 Biodiversity ......................................................................................................................... 33 Flora ........................................................................................................................... 33 Fauna .......................................................................................................................... 34 Water Resources ................................................................................................................ 35 Hydrology ................................................................................................................... 35 Social Environment ............................................................................................................. 35 Socio Economic Baseline ......................................................................................... 35 Population .................................................................................................................. 36 Vulnerabilities .............................................................................................................. 37 6. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ......................................................... 39 Beneficial Impacts .............................................................................................................. 39 Reduced Spread of Public Health Diseases ................................................................ 39 Infant mortality ............................................................................................................. 39 Improved Hygiene For Girl Child .................................................................................. 39 Employment Creation .................................................................................................. 39 Reduced Contamination of Water Resources .............................................................. 39 Adverse Impacts ................................................................................................................. 39 Site Related Spills ....................................................................................................... 39 Air Quality .................................................................................................................... 40 Noise Pollution ............................................................................................................ 40 Impacts on Flora and Fauna ........................................................................................ 41 Public Health and Safety ............................................................................................. 41 Labour Influx ................................................................................................................ 42 HIV & AIDS Impacts .................................................................................................... 42 Gender Equity, Sexual Harassment ............................................................................. 43 Impacts During Operation and Maintenance ....................................................................... 43 Oduor .......................................................................................................................... 43 Water Contamination ................................................................................................... 43 Disease Spread ........................................................................................................... 44 Hazards ....................................................................................................................... 44 Pest outbreak .............................................................................................................. 44 Environmental and Social Management Process ................................................................ 45 Mitigation and Monitoring Plan ............................................................................................ 45 Monitoring of Environmental and Social Indicators ................................................ 45 Monitoring Roles and Responsibilities ................................................................................ 51 Eswatini Environment Health Department ............................................................... 51 Eswatini Environment Authority (EEA) .................................................................... 51 World Bank Monitoring and Implementation Support ...........................................