HANDBOOK ON CROSS-BORDER TRANSPORT ALONG THE ASIAN HIGHWAY NETWORK HANDBOOK ON CROSS-BORDER TRANSPORT ALONG THE ASIAN HIGHWAY NETWORK TABLE OF CONTENTS Disclaimer ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Acknowledgement .......................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction to the Handbook ......................................................................................................... 9 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................... 10 AFGHANISTAN .......................................................................................................................... 12 Afghanistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran ........................................................................... 12 Afghanistan and Pakistan .......................................................................................................... 14 Afghanistan and Tajikistan........................................................................................................ 15 Afghanistan and Turkmenistan ................................................................................................. 17 Afghanistan and Uzbekistan...................................................................................................... 18 ARMENIA .................................................................................................................................... 18 Armenia and Azerbaijan............................................................................................................ 19 Armenia and Georgia ................................................................................................................ 21 Armenia and the Islamic Republic of Iran ................................................................................ 23 AZERBAIJAN .............................................................................................................................. 25 Azerbaijan and Armenia............................................................................................................ 25 Azerbaijan and Georgia ............................................................................................................. 27 Azerbaijan and the Islamic Republic of Iran ............................................................................. 31 Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation ..................................................................................... 34 BANGLADESH ........................................................................................................................... 37 Bangladesh and India ................................................................................................................ 37 2 BHUTAN ...................................................................................................................................... 39 Bhutan and India ....................................................................................................................... 39 CAMBODIA ................................................................................................................................. 41 Cambodia and Lao People’s Democratic Republic................................................................... 41 Cambodia and Thailand ............................................................................................................ 44 Cambodia and Viet Nam ........................................................................................................... 47 CHINA .......................................................................................................................................... 50 China and Democratic People’s Republic of Korea .................................................................. 50 China and Kazakhstan ............................................................................................................... 52 China and Kyrgyzstan ............................................................................................................... 56 China and Lao People’s Democratic Republic ......................................................................... 60 China and Mongolia .................................................................................................................. 64 China and Myanmar .................................................................................................................. 67 China and Nepal ........................................................................................................................ 68 China and Pakistan .................................................................................................................... 71 China and the Russian Federation ............................................................................................ 73 China and Tajikistan.................................................................................................................. 77 China and Viet Nam .................................................................................................................. 81 DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA ................................................................ 84 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China.................................................................. 84 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Russian Federation ...................................... 86 GEORGIA..................................................................................................................................... 88 Georgia and Armenia ................................................................................................................ 88 Georgia and Azerbaijan ............................................................................................................. 90 Georgia and Turkey ................................................................................................................... 92 3 INDIA ........................................................................................................................................... 94 India and Bangladesh ................................................................................................................ 94 India and Bhutan ....................................................................................................................... 96 India and Nepal ......................................................................................................................... 98 India and Myanmar ................................................................................................................. 100 India and Pakistan ................................................................................................................... 102 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN ............................................................................................... 104 Islamic Republic of Iran and Afghanistan.............................................................................. 104 Islamic Republic of Iran and Armenia ................................................................................... 106 Islamic Republic of Iran and Azerbaijan................................................................................. 108 Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan..................................................................................... 110 Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey....................................................................................... 112 Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkmenistan ........................................................................... 114 KAZAKHSTAN ......................................................................................................................... 115 Kazakhstan and China ............................................................................................................. 116 Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan .................................................................................................... 120 Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation .................................................................................. 123 Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan ................................................................................................ 127 Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan .................................................................................................... 131 KYRGYZSTAN ......................................................................................................................... 134 Kyrgyzstan and China ............................................................................................................. 134 Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan .................................................................................................... 137 Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan ....................................................................................................... 140 Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan ..................................................................................................... 143 4 LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC ......................................................................... 146 Lao People’s Democratic