CHAPTER 7 POWER SUPPLY 7.1 Introduction The tsunami of the 26th December, 2004 caused severe damage to the electrical infrastructure of the country. It completely disrupted the power supply in at least 95 islands, which is about 48% of all islands with electricity. However, by 6th January, 2006, almost 98% of inhabited islands have their electricity supply temporarily recovered and restored. In almost all the affected islands, the damage occurred to the underground distribution network rather than generation facilities. Seawater deteriorated underground cables and cable joints in terms of insulation. Although there is no official record, it is reported that more power interruptions are caused by the damage to the distribution system. On the other hand, most generators are operating in satisfactory conditions. Table 7.1 shows the generators that have been procured and installed in Laamu Atoll by International Red Cross. Table 7.1 Generators Procured by International Red Cross in Laamu Atoll Island Capacity Delivery date Isdhoo 60kVA 2005/1/22 Isdhoo-Kalaidhoo 60kVA 2005/1/22 Maabaidhoo 60kVA 2005/1/22 Hithadhoo 80kVA 2005/2/27 Dhanbidhoo 80kVA 2005/2/27 Gan-Mukurimagu 150kVA 2005/2/27 Fonadhoo 80kVA 2005/2/27 The project aims to restore and rehabilitate the low voltage (400/230V) power distribution systems in five islands (Isdhoo, Isdhoo-Kalaidhoo, Maabaidhoo, Gan-Mukurimagu and Maavah) in Laamu Atoll, considering the extent of the tsunami damage and future sustainability of power supply by the island committees. 7.2 Present Conditions The people who live in the tsunami affected areas are currently suffering from frequent power outages, because the temporary cables and distribution boxes are not appropriately designed in consideration of existing load current. Power supply has already recovered in many affected islands but only temporarily. Many cables are connected without jointing materials underground, distribution boxes are substituted by plastic buckets and pet bottles. These improper installation will result in frequent line fault and cause severe damage on the consumers equipment. Electricity is being supplied by the Island Development Committees (IDCs), which lacks proper engineering capabilities to assess and repair damaged power supply equipment. 7-1 As for generation facilities, it is noted that two or more generators cannot be operated at once in many islands, because there is no synchronous panel (even though we introduce synchronous panel, technicians from each Island Committee shall be trained well by on-the-job training). 7.3 Planning and Design Policies It is said that most distribution systems are not in compliance with the regulation of Maldives Electricity Bureau (MEB), which is the regulating authority and policy maker for generation, distribution and utilization of electricity, including tariff setting in the whole country. The project shall be planned and designed to rehabilitate power system to the level which could satisfy technical standard established by the MEB. At the same time, the distribution system should be restored within the shortest possible time, considering the needs of electricity as a lifeline in outer islands. 7.4 Cost Evaluation The estimated cost of the power supply project at the design stage was as follows: Table 7.2 Project Cost Estimation Item BOQ Unit Unit Price（US$) Amount （US$) １．Low Voltage Cables (1)Main Distribution Cables 4 core 120mm2 900 m 55.17 49,653 (2)Main Distribution Cables 4 core 70mm2 500 m 23.75 11,875 (3)Main Distribution Cables 4 core 50mm2 2100 m 16.82 35,322 2 (4)Main Distribution Cables 4 core 35mm 6400 m 15.12 96,768 (5)Main Distribution Cables 4 core 25mm2 11300 m 12.92 145,996 (6)Branch Distribution Cables 4 core 16mm2 1250 m 9.75 12,188 Equipment Cost (7)Branch Distribution Cables 2 core 6mm2 79750 m 1.41 112,448 ２．Low voltage Distribution Box (1)Feeder Pillars 7units 台 2000 14,000 (2) 18MCBs 48 台units 500 24,000 (3) 12MCBs 109units 台 450 49,050 ３．Tools and Installation Materials 1set 式 26400 26,400 Transportation From Male to each island 1 式set 45300 45,300 Installation works Low voltage Distribution Box 1 式set 90100 90,100 Total cost Without Consulting Service Fee 713,099 Source; JICA Study Team 7-2 The tender price at the contract of the power supply projects were 62,742,197 Yen. 7.5 Construction and Implementation Plan 7.5.1 General The supplier shall carry out the following works under the project. (1) Supply of goods to the concerned island harbours in the project sites. (2) Check of the goods after delivering them to the harbours. (3) Delivery of the packing list of goods to the end user and obtain their signatures on it. (4) Installation of all the distribution boxes in concrete frames. (5) Supply of water pumps and of its fuel to remove water from cable trench before cable installation. (6) Installation of all the glands to the distribution boxes. (7) Installation of all the cables from the glands. (8) Connection of all the cables to the terminals and MCBs. (9) Labeling of all the cables. (10) Labeling of all the DBs. (11) Connection of all the consumer cables to the consumer meter boards. (12) Commissioning of the distribution network. (13) Test of the distribution network in the presence of the authorities concerned. (14) Obtaining all the necessary approvals for the distribution network by JICS. (15) Handover of the distribution network to the MoAD after approval by JICS. The supplier shall be reminded that 55 houses in Isdhoo-Kalaidhoo are subject to relocation to proposed new residential plots as shown in Drawing E-07-01 of the tender specifications. Final location shall be informed by the end user before awarding the contract. Work responsibilities of the supplier and the recipient (Island Committee) are shown in following Table 7.3. Table 7. 3 Work Demarcation Between the Supplier and the End User Work Item Supplier Island Committee Remarks (End-user) Procurement of LV Cables ○ Procurement of Distribution Box ○ Transportation of all equipment from Male’ to ○ the harbour Transportation of all equipment from the ○ harbour to the site Proper storage and maintenance of equipment ○ at the site Preparation of site to install LV cables and ○ 7-3 distribution boxes Installation of LV cables, including excavation ○ and backfilling De-watering of LV cable trench (Removing water from cable trench before ○ installation of cable) Supply of water pumps, supply pipes and their fuel for the above de-watering of LV cable ○ trench Connection of LV cables to distribution box ○ Pre-inspection of existing kWh meter boards Individual home and procurement of ELCBs, MCBs, earthings, (consumer) will be kWh meters etc. in order to meet the MEB ○ required to standard procure necessary equipment. Installation of distribution box ○ Installation of distribution box concrete frame ○*) Acceptance test ○ ○ Note: *) Necessary cement shall be procured and transported to each island by the supplier. 7.5.2 Supply of the Goods The goods to be procured under the project shall be of its best quality and the reliability of the goods shall be maintained. 7.5.3 Factory Test and Inspection The factory test and inspection of the goods to be procured under the project shall be carried out by the supplier at the manufacturers’ factories and/or proper places to ensure that the goods complies with the provisions of the contract. Test and inspection items shall consist of the following: ‑ Quantity inspection ‑ Visual inspection ‑ Dimensions of the equipment and materials The quantity inspection and visual inspection shall comprise the check of quantities and quality of workmanship for the goods according to Schedule V Technical Specifications Sheet in Part V Forms of Tender in Tender Documents. The supplier shall provide all necessary test equipment, materials, special tools, consumable items, etc., for the factory test and inspection at his own cost. The supplier shall submit all the reports of the factory test and inspection to JICS for approval with evidential photographs of the goods at the factory test and inspection. 7-4 7.5.4 Installation and Commissioning The supplier shall install the distribution boxes and connect all the cables to the boxes in accordance with the instruction given by JICS. The scope of work includes the followings at least. (1) Procurement and delivery of necessary cement for distribution box concrete frame to each island harbour. (2) Installation of the distribution boxes in the concrete frame with screws, wall plugs, etc. (3) Meggar test of all the cables. (Phase to phase, phase to earth, phase to neutral etc.) (4) Installation of the PVC glands inside the boxes. (5) Preparing the cable insulation to insert the cables to the glands. (6) Insertion of all the cables to the glands. (7) Arrangement of all the cables from the bottom of the box inside the concrete frame. (8) Installation of cables ties to the cables. (9) Installation of cable tags at the cables below the box inside the concrete frame. (10) Arrangement of all the main cables inside the box. (11) Cut of the cables to connect to the cable terminal. (12) Installation of lug sleeves to the cables (13) Installation of lugs to the cables. (14) Connection of the main cables to the terminal block. (15) Arrangement of all the branch cables inside the box. (16) Installation of cable ties to the cables in bunches. (17) Installation of the numbering sleeves to the cables. (18) Connection of the live wires to the MCBs. (19) Connection of the neutral wires to the neutral links. (20) Connection of the earth wire to the earth links. (21) Labeling of the box. (22) Cleaning inside the box very well. (23) Other necessary works to install the box.