1,~OAI USE ONLYv R U AGENCY ORe INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT WASHNtGTON. 0. C. 20623 IL BIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET TEMPORARY 1. SUBJECT A. PRIMARY ULAISI­ ' FICATION 16 8ECONDAMY 2. TITLE AND SUBTITLE other countries Soviet transport experience, its lessons for 3. AUTHOR(Z) Hunter, Holland OF PAGES i,. ARC NUMBER DATE I5. NUMBER 4. DOCUMENT AMC UR380.50947.H945 1968 204 p 7. REFERENCE ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS Brookings Publhhierso Availability) 8. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (Sponsotlng Oranisation# learn from Soviet transport? 8p., PN-AAD-0571 (Summary: What can developing countries 9. ABSTRACT (Economiics R&D) (Science and Technology--Transportation R&D) The government-operated Soviet railroad transport accomplishments. A study of do under favorable have shown what modern railroads can railrcads of the U.S.S.R. their alert, have maintained high morale among conditions. They are technologically rail of cost reduction since 1950. Soviet personnel, and have a remarkable record as the freight service, has handled most passenger service, while not as impressive for many years. This book, the sixth of the intercity passenger travel adequately series, analyzes the Soviet record in the Brookings Transport Research Program developed countries. In describing Soviet and its implications for developing and acknowledges the many differences between railroading accomplishments, the author but commends to developing countries Soviet objectives and those of other nations, modern railroad equipment that have con­ the energetic operating procedures and that industrially advanced countries tributed to the Soviet achievement. He believes transport policy problems by reviewing can gain useful perspective on their own view of the relation between Soviet experience. He challenges the conventional development by showing that heavy transport investment and general economic not precede the growth of agriculture and capital outlays for transport facilities need be expanded as the demand for it grows. industry, but rather transport capacity can the problem of lack of roads, and the The book also deals with the role of trucks, Union. future of the passenger car in the Soviet it. PRICE OF DOCUMENT 10. CONTROL NUMBER PN-AAD-059 13. PROJECT NUMBER 12. D"SCRIPTORS 14. CONTRACT NUMBER Repas-5 Res. 1S. TYPE OF DOCUMENT AID 590-1 14"741 C/ C) I S C/ It esn o-te onre C) cont nued from front flap lOitTruin Experience: witt,the role of trucks, the problem of "road­ ts Lens for Mir Cotries lessness," and the future of the passenger 0olland Hunter' car in the Soviet Union. eco- Holland Hunter teaches nomics at Haverford College. conditioned by decades of deteri- Imericans He is a coauthor (with Clair service are likely to view )rating passenger and others) of Econ­ But nothing could be Wilcox ,ailroads as obsolete. of the World Today, as this study of Soviet omies urther from the truth, to an earlier The government- a contributor ,!xperience demonstrates. book in the Trans­ of the U.S.S.R. "have Brookings ,perated railroads Transport In­ railroads port Research Program series, :,hown conclusively what modern and [They] vestment and Economic Development, can do under favorable conditions.... Policy. high mo- the author of Soviet Transportation are technologically alert, maintain $6.00 rale among their personnel, and have a re- narkable record of cost reduction since 1950. Soviet railroad passenger service, The Metropolitan Transportation Problem while not as impressive as the freight ser- REVISED EDITION vice, has handled most of the intercity pas­ senger travel in adequate fashion for many Wilfred Owen years." this lucid, well-received study, Wilfred This volume, the sixth in the Brookings In Owen looks at the problem of urban mo­ Transport Research Program series, analyzes bility as a whole and explores some of the the Soviet record and its implications for interrelations between transport development developing countries and for other indus- and urban living. Analyzing the effects of trially advanced countries. In describing the rise of the automobile and the decline Soviet railroading accomplishments, the au- of public transportation and examining the thor acknowledges the many differences be- issues of planning, governmental organiza­ tween the objectives of the Soviet Union and and finance-that must be confronted, he those of other natiors, but he commends to tion, a comprehensive approach for the developing countries the energetic operating suggests and enhancement of urban vi­ procedures and the technological potential preservation tality. of modern railroad equipment that have con- is a well-written, timely and im­ tributed to the Soviet achievement. He be- "This study which should prove to be of lieves that industrially advanced countries portant interest to students of transportation can gain useful perspective on their own great planning, and to many laymen policy problems by reviewing So- and of city transport American Economic Review. experience. He challenges the conven- as well." viet important book and deserves view of the relation between transport "This is an tional a standard work on the subject, investment and general economic develop- to become Owen is describing the condition of ment by showing that heavy capital outlays for in any highly industrialized society." for transport facilities need not precede the towns Journal of Political Economy. growth of agricultire and industry, but rather ".... a well-written, timely and important that transport capacity can be expanded as study." A.I.A. Journal. 266 pp. $6.00 the demand for it grows. The book also deals design / Mclver Art Washington continued on bk fJacket P6s5 fyS. Soviet Transport Experience Books published under the Transport Research Program Wilfred Owen Strategy for Mobility Gary Fromm, Editor Transport Investment and Economic Development Edwin T.Haefele and Eleanor B.Steinberg Govmment Controls on Transport: An African Case George W. Wilson, BarbaraR.Bertgmann, Leor: V. Hirsch, and Martin S.Klein The Impact of Highway Investment on Development Robert T. Brown Transport and the Economic Integration of South America HollandHunter Soviet Transport Experience: Its Lessons for Other Countries Soviet Transport Experience: Its Lessons for Other Countries HOLLAND HUNTER The Brookings Institution TRANSPORT RESEARCH PROGRAM Washington, D.C. O9)IgO by THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION "775 Manwhusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 2oo36 ibrary of Congrm Catalog Oad Number 67-3o59 Boardot Trustees THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION Etigene R. Black is an independent organization devoted to non­ Chnei , partisan research, education, and publication in Syke , J. economics, government, foreign policy, and the Willam R. Biggs social sciences generally. Its principal purposes Chuin., zecuw, comm&" are to aid in the development of sound public Dillon Anderson policies and to promote public understanding of Vincent M. Barnett Jr. issues of Louis W. Cabot national importance. Robert D. Cabkin The Institution was founded on December 8, Leonard Carmichael 1927, to merge the activities of the Institute for Edward W. Carter Government Research, founded in 1916, the Douglas Dillon Institute of Economics, founded in 1922, and John Fischer the Robert Brookings Graduate School of Eco­ Kermit Gordo nomics and Government, founded in 1924. Gordon Cray Huntington Harris The gencral administration of the Institution Luther G. Holbrook is the responsibility of a self-perpetuating b:, d David M. Kennedy of Trustees. The trustees are likewise charged John E. Lockwood with maintaining the independence of the staff Arjay Miller and fostering the most favorable conditions Peter G. Peterson for creative research and education. The immediate J. Woodward Redmond direction of the policies, program, and staff of H.Chapman Rose the Institution is vested in the President, as­ Robert Brookings Smith sisted by an advisory council chosen fiom the J. Harvie Wilkinson, Jr. staff of the Institution. Donald B. Woodward HonoraryTrustees In publishing a study, the Institution presents Arthur Stanton Adams it as a competent treatment of a subject worthy Daniel W. Bell of public consideration. The interpretations and Colgate W. Darden, Jr. conclusions in such publications are those of the Marion B. Folsom Raymond B. Fosdick author or authors and do not purport to repre­ Huntington Gflchrist sent the views of the other staff members, oli­ John Lee Pratt cers, or trustees of the Brookings Institution. Foreword ONLY A FEW COUNTRIES have a substantial history of formalized planning for economic development. Among these, the Soviet Union is particularly interesting to all who are con­ cerned with the impact of transport investment on the develop­ ment process. This interest has been focused on two aspects of So­ viet transport policy: the effort to hold down transport investment to make existing investment serve more productively, and the con­ sciou; decision to minimize road investment relative to investment in rafl and water transport. Both of these efforts were pursued within an overall economic planning framework that at vari­ ous times encouraged the spread cf economic growth to the out­ lying regions of the Soviet Union in order to achieve more uni­ form development throughout the country. The Soviet approach to transport is of obvious interest to de­ veloping countries now faced with these same questions of re­ gional equities, interrodal competition, and resource allocation. The Transport Research Program, financed by a grant from the United States Agency