Short Papers in the Geological Sciences Geological Survey Research 1960 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 400-B UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. - Price $4.25 (paper cover) CONTENTS Foreword (see chapter A) Preface (see chapter A) Geology of metalliferous deposits Page 1. An hypothesis for origin of ore-forming fluid, by J. Hoover Mackin and Earl Ingerson- .......................... B1 2. Varieties of supergene zinc deposits in the United States, by A. V. Heyl, Jr., and C. N. Bozion -------..-----------.. 2 3. Lithofacies of the Copper Harbor conglomerate, northern Michigan, by Walter S. White and James C. Wright------ 5 4. Relation of the Colorado mineral belt to Precambrian structure, by Ogden Tweto and P. K. Sims -..--------------- 8 5. Pre-ore age of faults at Leadville, Colorado, by Ogden Tweto -..----------__----..----------------------------.- 10 6. Pre-ore propylitization, Silverton caldera, Colorado, by Wilbur S. Burbank ------- --- ----- -------- -- --- --- --- --- 12 7. Ring-fractured bodies in the Silverton caldera, Colorado, by Robert G. Luedke and Wilbur S. Burbank-- -- - - - - - - - - - 13 8. Relation of mineralization to caldera subsidence in the Creede district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, by Thomas A. Steven and James C. RattB ----------_-----_-_----_-----.._---------------..--------------------- ----- - 9. Alinement of mining districts in north-central Nevada, by Ralph J. Roberts -..---------------------------------- 10. Mineral assemblage of a pyrometasomatic deposit near Tonopah, Nevada, by R. A. Gttlbrandsen and D. G. Gielow- 11. Sedimentary iron-formation in the Devonian Martin formation, Christmas quadrangle, Arizona, by Ronald Willden- 12. Early Tertiary volcanic geology of an area north and west of Butte, Montana, by Harry W. Smedes------- -------- 13. Tectonic setting of the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho, by Robert E. Wallace, Allan B. Griggs, Arthur B. Campbell, and S. Warren Hobbs-.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14. Bleaching in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho, by P. L. Weis .--------_---- ....................... -- ---- --- --- 15. Origin of the Main period veins, Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho, by Verne C. Fryklund, Jr......................... 16. Geologic and economic significance of some geochemical results obtained from stream sediment samples near Nome, Alaska, by C. L. Hummel and Robert M. Chapman ..................................................... -- 17. Structural geology and structural control of mineral deposits near Nome, Alaska, by C. L. Hummel- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18. Structural control in five quicksilver deposits in southwestern Alaska, by C. L. Sainsbury and E. M. MacKevett, Jr-- 19. Three areas of possible mineral resource potential in southeastern Alaska, by Henry C. Be~g---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20. A study of rhenium and molybdenum in uranium ore from the Runge mine, Fall River County, South Dakota, by means of a spectrographic and concentration method, by A. T. Myers, J. C. Hamilton, and V. R. Wilmarth ------------- 21. A study of uranium migration in sandstone-type ore deposits, by John N. Rosholt, Jr............................. 22. Distribution and lithologic characteristics of sandstone beds that contain deposits of copper, vanadium, and uranium, by R. P. Fischer and J. H. Stewart ..................................................... --------------- -- 23. Lead-isotope age studies in Carbon County, Pennsylvania, by T. W. Stern, L. R. Stieff, Harry Klemic, and M. H. Delevaux ............................................................................................ 24. Uranium at Palangana salt dome, Duval County, Texas, by Alice D. Weeks and D. Hoye Eargle .----------------- 25. Paragenesis of uranium ores in Todilto limestone near Grants, New Mexico, by Alked H. Truesdell and Alice D. Weeks- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26. Pitchblende identified in a sandstone-type uranium deposit in the central part of' the Ambrosia Lake district, New Mexico, by Harry C. Granger ---- - ----------- ---- ----------- - - ----- ---------- - -- --..---------- --------- 27. Metamorphic grade and the abundance of Thol in monazite, by William C. Overstreet- ------_--- -- ------ - ----- -- Geology of light metals and industrial minerals 28. Concentrations of "ilmenite" in the Miocene and post-Miocene formations near Trenton, New Jersey, by James P. Owens, James P. Minard, Donald R. Wiesnet, and Frank J. Markewicz .__... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - 29. Bloating clay in Miocene strata of Maryland, New Jersey, and Virginia, by Maxwell M. Knechtel and John w. Hosterman -------------------------------------.-.--------------------------------------------------- 30. Significance of unusual mineral occurrence at Hicks Dome, Hardin County, Illinois, by Robert D. Trace--- - -- - - - - - - 31. Phosphate and associated resources in Permian rocks of southwestern Montana, by Roger W. Swanson-.--- - - - - - -- - 32. Hugo pegmatite, Keystone, South Dakota, by J. J. Norton _ - _ - - - - - - - - -.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33. A new beryllium deposit at the Mount Wheeler mine, White Pine County, Nevada, by H. K. Stager ---- --.-.------- 34. Pre-mineralization faulting in the Lake George area, Park County, Colorado, by C. C. Hawley, W. N. Sharp, and W. R. Griffitts ................................................................................ --------- 35. Bertrandite-bearing greisen, a new beryllium ore, in the Lake George district, Colorado, by W. N. Sharp and C. C. Hawley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Geology of fuels :36. Regional aeromagnetic surveys of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska, by Isidore Zietz, G. E. Andreasen, and Arthur Grantz-- -- - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - --- - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 111 lV CONTENTS Geology of fuels-Continued Page 37. Studies of helium and associated natural gases, by Arthur P. Pierce- - - ------.---..------------------------.----.-B 77 38. The interpretation of Tertiary swamp types in brown coal, by Gerhard 0. V-.Icremp and Anton J. Kovar- _ _-_---_ 79 39. Coal reserves of the United States, January 1, 1960, by Paul Averitt .......................................... 8 1 40. Relation of the minor element content of coal to possible source rocks, by Peter Zubovic, Taisia Stadnichenko, and Nola B. Sheffey--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41. The association of some minor elements with organic and inorganic phases of coal, by Peter Zubovic, Taisia Stad- nichenko,and Nola 42. Comparative abundance of the minor elements in coals from different parts of the United States, by Peter Zubovic, Taisia Stadnichenko, and Nola B. Sheffey---------.___---_------_-----__--__--------------_-------_------ Exploration and mapping techniques 43. Field application of ion-exchange resins in hydrogeochemical prospecting, by F. C. Canney and D. B. Hawkins- - - - - - 44. Geochemical prospecting for beryllium, by Wallace R. Griffitts and U. Oda ----__----__--_---_..------_---------- 45. Variations in base-metal contents of monzonitic intrusive~,by Wallace R. Griffitts and H. M. Nakagawa- - - - - - - - - - - - 46. Geochemistry of sandstones and related vegetation in the Yellow Cat area of the Thompson district, Grand County, Utah, by Helen L. Cannon -_-----_--_------..----.----_--...-----.--_---_--_---------------..------------- 47. Geochemical prospecting for copper in the Rocky Range, Beaver County, Utah, by R. L. Erickson and A. P. Marranzino---.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48. Soil and plant sampling at the Mahoney Creek lead-zinc deposit, Revillagigedo Island, southeastern Alaska, by Hansford T. Shacklette--_--_--_----------------------------------------------------------------------- 49. Geochemical exploration in Alaska, by Robert M. Chapman and Hansford T. Shacklette......................... 50. Thermoluminescence and porosity of host rocks at the Eagle mine, Gilrnan, Colorado, by Carl H. Roach__.--..-_ - -- 51. Usefulness of the emanation method in geologic exploration, by Allan B. Tanner ................................ 52. Polar charts for evaluating magnetic anomalies of three-dimensional bodies, by Roland G. Henderson--_..- -- - - - - - - - - - - 53. Magnetic evidence for the attitude of a buried magnetic mass, by Gordon E. Andreasen and Isidore Zietz--_-_-- _ -- - - - - 54. Use of aeromagnetic data to determine geologic structure in northern Maine, by John W. Allingham--- - - - - - - - - - - - - 55. Correlation of aeroradioactivity data and areal geology, by Robert B. Guillou and Robert G. Schmidt..--. .----- - - - - 56. Mapping conductive strata by electromagnetic methods, by F. C. Frischknecht and E. B. Ekren ------------------ 57. Electrical properties of sulfide