Secondary Guide https://metromagazine.com.au https://theeducationshop.com.au A STUDY GUIDE BY © ATOM 2018–9 ISBN: 978-1-76061-155-2 MICHELLE LIDDY & BRENT DIAMOND Nine and Australian Teachers of Media (ATOM) present Front Page: the news of the future – schools competition for all Australian primary and secondary school students. The competition is designed to encourage Australian students to write and design their own school newspaper that reflects the changing landscape of media and publishing. The layout and design of the newspaper should reflect an idea of what a school newspaper of the future could look like. Curriculum links The FRONT PAGE schools newspaper competition is relevant to many areas of the Australian Curriculum, specifically: • MEDIA ARTS in the Australian Curriculum – Years 4–10 and, specifically Years 9 and 10 Content • VISUAL ARTS in the Australian Curriculum – Years 4–10 • ENGLISH in the Australian Curriculum – Years 4–10 Language, specifically, Language for interaction; Expressing and developing ideas; Text structure and organization; and Literacy, specifically, Texts in context;Interacting with others; Interpreting, analyzing, evaluating; and Creating texts • HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES in the Australian Curriculum – Years 4–10, the Key ideas of all strands but specifically those in Years 7–10 History and Civics and citizenship • SCIENCE in the Australian Curriculum – Years 4–10, HOW TO ENTER specifically those in Science as a Human Endeavour and Science Inquiry Skills Visit frontpage.online to enter. • TECHNOLOGIES in the Australian Curriculum – Years 4–10, specifically those in Design and Technology and Digital All rules, guidelines and additional information about Technologies Front Page are available on the website. • HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION in the Australian Curriculum – Years 4–10, specifically those in Personal, HOW TO ACCESS YOUR DIGITAL NEWSPAPER Social and Community Health and Digital Technologies Upon entering the competition, please email Courtney The FRONT PAGE schools newspaper competition is also Harvey ([email protected]) with your relevant to many curriculum areas in the senior secondary school’s IP address and your school will then be provided school years in all states, especially English, Media, Visual access to the digital newspaper of The Sydney Morning Arts, Social Sciences, Technology and Science. It has much Herald and The Age. Access will be supplied via a link which cross-curriculum relevance and could also be used in the can then be shared with the entire school. 2018–2019 © ATOM International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme frontpage.online (PYP) Exhibition and Middle Years Programme (MYP) Any teacher, student or staff member connected to the IP Project. will have unlimited access. 2 Learning outcomes The study guides are intended to assist teachers 1 Demonstrate some understanding of the historical context of in supporting their students as they work newspapers in Australia; collaboratively to produce a newspaper for the 2 Develop an awareness of key Nine news conventions and news- Front Page competition. Activities in the guide makers that have a significant impact on Australian audiences are linked to studying the way news is created and culture; and presented by Fairfax Media platforms. The 3 Develop an appreciation of Australian stories created by Nine structure and content of newspapers and the journalism; importance of journalism are two of the guide’s 4 Read newspapers as historic and cultural documents; features. Specifically, this guide is written to 5 Think critically about the construction of news and journalism; develop students’ knowledge and skills to assist 6 Collaborate with others to create a school newspaper; them in producing their own newspapers. It may 7 Demonstrate insight into the place of Nine news platforms in assist students to: Australian culture. Teacher advice The FRONT PAGE schools competition is pitched at three All articles must be written by the students and may audience groups – a primary audience of Year 4–6 stu- include, for example, local community news reports, inter- dents, and, two secondary school audience groups – Years views, articles about school events, sporting events, feature 7–9 and Years 10–12. Although the competition is open to articles on a science, local history, community service or all students in those years across all subjects, it may be best arts issue, book and film reviews, plus other newspaper suited to students’ studies in English, Visual and Media Arts, items such as an editorial. The students would also need to Humanities and Social Science. It is anticipated that teach- create photographs or short news clips to accompany the ers will use the study guides in part or full to complement articles. Once all the articles are written and photos and the creation of the student newspaper for competition videos edited, the design students, in the appropriate age submission. groups, would then produce the layout of the newspaper. Beyond FRONT PAGE the study guides could be used as part of a broader study of media literacy, and the way newspapers and journalism contribute to public discourses. The study guides include information and suggestions for Competition specifications a range of activities, discussions and further research about newspapers and journalism, industry professionals and The primary school student newspaper individual news texts. Teachers may select from the infor- mation, extension activities and reference material and must be at least four A3 portrait pages as modify activities to suit their curriculum context, syllabus an interactive PDF. and students. Teachers may also determine in what forms (spoken, written, multi-modal, individually or in small or The secondary schools student newspaper class groups) pre-competition activities are developed. must be at least eight A3 portrait pages as an interactive PDF. Teachers are advised to act as an ‘editor-in-chief’ to oversee and direct students as they work to create their newspaper Accompanying photographs and for submission to the FRONT PAGE schools competi- video clips should be embedded in the tion. They can also guide students about who to and how interactive PDF. to collaborate with, gather information and select design programs, software and hardware depending on individual Final submission will be as an interactive school structures, contexts and resources. When the articles PDF uploaded to the competition website. are edited, design students can either use Adobe InDesign, Illustrator, Photoshop or any other suitable program to put Competition the sections of the school newspaper together. Ideally, the 2018–2019 © ATOM final assembly will be done in InDesign and an interactive closing date frontpage.online PDF will be created by the students. 6 SEPTEMBER 2019 3 CONTENT HYPERLINKS 4 WHAT IS NEWS? 9 CONTENTS OF A NEWSPAPER 5 HISTORY OF NEWSPAPERS 19 ONLINE NEWS 6 WHAT IS A NEWSPAPER? 20 DIGITAL ARCHIVES 8 WHY IS JOURNALISM IMPORTANT? 21 PREPARING TO MAKE YOUR OWN NEWSPAPER 9 ‘EXCLUSIVES’: BREAKING NEWS 23 NEWSPAPER PRODUCTION ROLES Pre-competition activities What is 1 news? What constitutes as news varies from person to person, has an immediate effect on the majority of people. ‘Big culture to culture. News has no single definition but there news’ stories are covered at the front or top of the news and are essential elements that make something newsworthy, ‘set the agenda’ for further reporting. including: • It is new information that people do not know. Activity • It is true, accurate and fair. • It matters; it is important and relevant. 1. What appeals to one reader may not be interesting to • It is in the public interest. another. How do you define news? • It is interesting and unusual. • It is independent. News can be found in all sorts of ways and places, including: • Unplanned events, such as natural disas- ters, attacks, accidents • Planned activities such as events, news conferences, an- nouncements, visits • Journalists’ own efforts, interests and contacts. ‘Hard news’ stories have the facts up front and usually involve a specific event. ‘Soft news’ stories usually expand on ‘human interest’ stories by giving readers more detailed understanding. 2018–2019 © ATOM frontpage.online News stories are prioritised according to what is considered to be most important and what 4 History of 2 newspapers In the 1990s, with the world on the brink of the digital rev- olution, the death of the printed newspaper was predicted. Newspapers have existed since the invention of the Newspapers transformed into multimedia companies to printing press. They are the oldest form of media as they deliver news and compete in the online world of advertis- documented daily life, giving people access to important ing and news distribution. information from all over the world. They become prima- ry sources for historians, especially as newspapers flour- In the new millennium newspaper companies continue to ished in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. provide news to audiences in many different ways and even This makes journalists the history’s first responders for the though resources have shrunk, the printed newspaper still past two centuries. exists. Once known as the ‘fourth estate’ that had an important impact on the democratisation of education and the spread Activity of knowledge throughout the world, newspapers were seen as necessary for thriving, civil societies. 1. As is noted above its masthead, The Age was first published in Melbourne in 1854. What is the oldest As different companies published newspapers, vary- Australian newspaper? What is the most established ing styles, and social and political values developed. newspaper in the world? Broadsheets became known for their long-form articles 2. Identify the way newspapers have changed in recent and investigative reports while the smaller ‘tabloid’ news- times by comparing the reflections expressed in the two papers became known for more sensational news report- articles by journalist Martin Flanagan. ing. In the later part of the twentieth century company http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/06/24/ takeovers worldwide reduced the amount of newspapers.