City of Madison, Wisconsin Underrepresented Communities Historic Resource Survey Report By Jennifer L. Lehrke, AIA, NCARB, Rowan Davidson, Associate AIA and Robert Short, Associate AIA Legacy Architecture, Inc. 605 Erie Avenue, Suite 101 Sheboygan, Wisconsin 53081 and Jason Tish Archetype Historic Property Consultants 2714 Lafollette Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53704 Project Sponsoring Agency City of Madison Department of Planning and Community and Economic Development 215 Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard Madison, Wisconsin 53703 2017-2020 Acknowledgments The activity that is the subject of this survey report has been financed with local funds from the City of Madison Department of Planning and Community and Economic Development. The contents and opinions contained in this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the city, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the City of Madison. The authors would like to thank the following persons or organizations for their assistance in completing this project: City of Madison Richard B. Arnesen Satya Rhodes-Conway, Mayor Patrick W. Heck, Alder Heather Stouder, Planning Division Director Joy W. Huntington Bill Fruhling, AICP, Principal Planner Jason N. Ilstrup Heather Bailey, Preservation Planner Eli B. Judge Amy L. Scanlon, Former Preservation Planner Arvina Martin, Alder Oscar Mireles Marsha A. Rummel, Alder (former member) City of Madison Muriel Simms Landmarks Commission Christina Slattery Anna Andrzejewski, Chair May Choua Thao Richard B. Arnesen Sheri Carter, Alder (former member) Elizabeth Banks Sergio Gonzalez (former member) Katie Kaliszewski Ledell Zellers, Alder (former member) Arvina Martin, Alder David W.J. McLean Maurice D. Taylor Others Lon Hill (former member) Tanika Apaloo Stuart Levitan (former member) Andrea Arenas Marsha A. Rummel, Alder (former member) Aaron Bird Bear Ledell Zellers, Alder (former member) Rebecca Comfort Leslie Eisenberg Sergio Gonzalez Wisconsin Historical Society Joy Huntington Daina Penkiunas, State Historic Preservation Officer Stephen Kantrowitz Joseph R. DeRose, Survey and Registration Historian David O’Connor Omar Poler City of Madison Historic Preservation Janice Rice Plan Advisory Committee Muriel Simms Dawn O’Kroley, Chair All photographs contained in this report were taken by Legacy Architecture, Inc. and Jason Tish unless otherwise noted. Historic images contained in this report are courtesy of the Wisconsin Historical Society unless otherwise noted. 1 Abstract This report documents a historical survey of resources related to underrepresented groups located within the boundaries of the City of Madison, Wisconsin, as of 2019. A research effort was conducted to ascertain the historical significance of the resources identified during the survey. The resulting products of the project were produced according to standards set by the Wisconsin Historical Society’s Division of Historic Preservation and include the following: Survey Report The survey report includes a summary of the research and a brief history of each community. It provides a historical context for the evaluation of historic resources and serves as a means for identifying significant properties eligible for designation as Madison Landmarks or listing in the State and National Registers of Historic Places. It also contains recommendations for future survey and research needs, priorities for Landmark or Historic District designations and State and National Register listings, and strategies for historic preservation. Survey and Key Maps Survey and key maps indicate all surveyed properties as well as properties already designated as Madison Landmarks or listed in the State and National Registers of Historic Places. These maps are included in the Survey Results Chapter in this report. Electronic Documents The Wisconsin Historical Society’s website contains an electronic database, called the Architecture and Historic Inventory (AHI), for all inventoried properties. Also, an electronic copy of this report is saved and held by the City of Madison Department of Planning and Community and Economic Development and at the Wisconsin Historical Society. 2 Table of Contents Contents Page Acknowledgments....................................................................................................1 Abstract ....................................................................................................................2 Table of Contents .....................................................................................................3 Chapter 1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................5 Chapter 2 Survey Methodology ................................................................................................7 Chapter 3 Historical Overview ...............................................................................................13 Chapter 4 African American Context .....................................................................................19 Chapter 5 First Nations Context .............................................................................................29 Chapter 6 Hmong Context ......................................................................................................35 Chapter 7 Latino/a Context.....................................................................................................41 Chapter 8 LGBTQ Context.....................................................................................................47 Chapter 9 Women Context .....................................................................................................59 Chapter 10 Government............................................................................................................73 Chapter 11 Architecture............................................................................................................85 Chapter 12 Education ...............................................................................................................87 Chapter 13 Social and Political Movements...........................................................................101 Chapter 14 Religion ................................................................................................................127 Chapter 15 Art and Literature .................................................................................................133 Chapter 16 Commerce ............................................................................................................137 Chapter 17 Planning and Landscape Architecture .................................................................153 Chapter 18 Recreation and Entertainment ..............................................................................161 Chapter 19 Notable People .....................................................................................................167 Chapter 20 Bibliography ........................................................................................................191 Chapter 21 Survey Results .....................................................................................................215 Chapter 22 Conclusion ...........................................................................................................225 Chapter 23 Notes ....................................................................................................................227 Chapter 24 Appendix ..............................................................................................................245 Save Money Through Tax Credits to Preserve Your Home Contractor Standards for Typical Tax Credit Projects: Historic Homeowners Income Tax Credit Program Invest in Your Commercial Building Using Tax Credits Guidelines for Planning Historic Preservation Tax Credit Projects in Wisconsin: Income-Producing Tax Credit Program 3 This page intentionally left blank. 4 1 Introduction The purpose of this survey report was not to write a definitive history of the City of Madison, but rather to provide an overview of the history of the city with specific emphasis on six underrepresented communities including African American, First Nations, Hmong, Latino/a, LGBTQ, and Women. The survey was executed during the period from May 2018 to September 2019 by principal investigators Rowan Davidson of Legacy Architecture, Inc. and Jason Tish of Archetype Historic Property Consultants with editorial assistance by Jennifer L. Lehrke and Robert Short and clerical assistance by Gail Biederwolf, all of Legacy Architecture, Inc. It consisted of several major work elements: completing a reconnaissance survey, conducting research and collecting historic resources foundation data, evaluating resources and prioritizing foundation data, facilitating public meetings, updating and developing historic contexts, and preparing a written historic resources survey report, which can be used in future planning decisions and increasing public awareness of the history of the community. The boundaries of the survey are bounded by the extents of the City of Madison at the time of the survey. The survey identified approximately 117 resources of historical interest. This historical report and the associated work elements mentioned above are kept at the City of Madison Department of Planning and Community and Economic Development and the Historic Preservation