notes INTRODUCTION p. ix “a devastating handicap ...” Uta Frith, “Asperger and His Syndrome,” in Frith, 1991,p.5. p. ix “Paucity of empathy; naive, inappropriate, one-sided social inter- action ...” Klin, Ami, and Fred Volkmar, “Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome,” Yale University Child Study Center, July/August 8–9, 1994. p. xi “the first plausible variant to crystallize out of the autism spectrum ...” Uta Frith, “Asperger and His Syndrome,” in Frith, 1991,p.5. p. xi “More than anything, ADD represents ...” DeGrandpre, 2000,p.39. p. xiii The exchange between Diller and Greene can be read in the archives of Salon magazine (http://archive.salon.com). The fireworks began with Diller’s review of Greene’s The Explosive Child on July 18, 2001, and Greene’s response on July 19. p. xvi “The path to understanding ...” Hans Asperger as quoted in Klin et al, 2000, p. xii. CHAPTER 1: ASPERGER AND I p. 2 “I like the scenery. I like the schedules.” This and other quotations in this chapter by and about Darius McCollum are from “Irresistible Lure of Subways Keeps Landing Impostor in Jail,” by Dean E. Murphy, The New York Times, August 24, 2000,p.A1. p. 5 “Autism as a subject touches on the deepest questions of ontology ...” Sacks, 1996,p.246. p. 6 “Almost all of my social contacts ...” Sacks, 1996,p.261. p. 8 “America is the first society to be totally dominated ...” Postman, 1994,p. 145. p. 9 “What, after all, is normality?” Uta Frith, “Asperger and His Syn- drome,” in Frith, 1991,p.23. p. 10 “There is no reason to suppose that behavior shading into normal- ity ...” Uta Frith, “Asperger and His Syndrome,” in Frith, 1991,p.31. p. 10 “building a classification system ...” Peter Szatmari, “Perspectives on the Classification of Asperger Syndrome,” in Klin et al, 2000,p.408. p. 11 “The so-called psychiatric specialists ... are the real demons of our age ...” Bernhard, 1988,p.7. p. 11 “[R]ules of evidence ...” Peter Szatmari, “Perspectives on the Classification of Asperger Syndrome,” in Klin et al, 2000,p.409. p. 12 “Nevertheless, clinicians feel that ...” Peter Szatmari, “Perspectives on the Classification of Asperger Syndrome,” in Klin et al, 2000,p.409. 205 206 lawrence osborne: AMERICAN NORMAL p. 12 “The DSM-IV lists five disorders ...” All diagnostic descriptions are from The American Psychiatric Association, 2000,pp.69–84. p. 21 “A profound lack of affective contact ...” Quoted in Lorna Wing, “The Relationship Between Asperger’s Syndrome and Kanner’s Autism,” in Frith, 1991,pp.93–94. p. 21 “Children who do not talk or who parrot speech ...” Uta Frith, “Asperger and His Syndrome,” in Frith, 1991,pp.11–12. p. 22 “schizoid personality in childhood ...” Sula Wolff, “Schizoid Personality in Childhood and Asperger Syndrome,” in Frith, 1991,p.299. p. 22 “In his 1944 paper, Asperger gives us the case histories of four boys ...” Quotations are from Hans Asperger’s 1944 report as it was reprinted in his textbook Heilpädagogik (Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1952), as translated by Uta Frith under the title “‘Autistic Psychopathy’ in Child- hood,” in Frith, 1991,pp.37–92. p. 29 “Once you catch on to what this syndrome is all about ...” Hallowell, 1995,p.3. p. 30 “Your cooperation will be appreciated. A pianist’s hands ...” Girard, 1993. p. 31 “My name is Robert Edwards ...” Fred R. Volkmar, Ami Klin, Robert T. Schultz, Emily Rubin, and Richard Bronen, “Asperger’s Disorder,” in American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 2000,pp.262–267. CHAPTER 2: LITTLE PROFESSORS p. 47 “Well I was at The Autism Symposium in St Louis again ...” From “The Autism Symposium in St Louis 1997,” by David Miedzianik. © 1997 by David Miedzianik. Reprinted by permission. Available at: http://freespace.virgin.net/david.mied/poems/Poem970408.htm. p. 49 “an increase of this magnitude ...” and following quotations in the para- graph: Diller, 1998,pp.2–7. p. 49 Julie Magno Zito; Daniel J. Safer; Susan dosReis; James F. Gardner, ScM; Myde Boles; Frances Lynch, “Trends in the Prescribing of Psychotropic Medications to Preschoolers,” Journal of the American Medical Association, 283, 2000,pp.1025–1030. p. 50 “Is there still a place ...” Diller, 1998,p.10. p. 59 “Aloof Group ...” Lorna Wing’s four groups are described in her essay “Asperger’s Syndrome and Kanner’s Autism,” in Frith, 1991,p.109. p. 62 “Star/big, bright ...” All quotations are from Nicky Werner’s privately printed poems, Thoughts. p. 82 “... With what ghoulish glee ...” Miller, 1962, p. viii. p. 83 “To the anabasis of youth ...” Miller, 1962,p.155. CHAPTER 3: THE LAST PURITAN p. 85 “People are about as important to me as food ...” Payzant, 1978,p.56. p. 88 “The history of medicine is full of interesting stories ...” Dr. Harry Angelman’s 1965 recollection is reprinted at the website of the Angel- man Syndrome Foundation: http://www.angelman.org/factsofas.htm. notes 207 p. 91 “You know/I am deeply in love with a certain beaut. girl ...” Glenn Gould as quoted in Ostwald, 1997,p.278. p. 98 “He was reasonably lusty ...” Russell Herbert Gould as quoted in Ostwald, 1997,pp.40–41. p. 99 “Had he been autistic, the remarkable success he had ...” Ostwald, 1997, p. 42. p. 100 “I am delighted to hear that Dr. Gould’s perscriptions [sic] ...” Glenn Gould as quoted in Ostwald, 1997,p.29. p. 101 “Florence Gould was a woman of propriety ...” Robert Fulford as quoted in Ostwald, 1997,pp.59–60. p. 102 “I discovered that, in the privacy ...” Glenn Gould as quoted in Ostwald, 1997,p.92. p. 102 “The greatest teacher is the tape recorder ...” Glenn Gould as quoted in Ostwald, 1997,p.89. p. 103 “He’d strike off on the bicycle ...” Russell Herbert Gould as quoted in Ostwald, 1997,p.93. p. 103 “All eyes turned on the wretched child ...” Pierre Berton as quoted in Ostwald, 1997,p.62. p. 103 “I am a skunk, a skunk I am ...” Glenn Gould as quoted in Ostwald, 1997,p.54. p. 104 “I wouldn’t have, as a child, any toy that was colored red at all ...” Glenn Gould as quoted in Ostwald, 1997,p.47. p. 104 “I could imagine what I was doing ...” Glenn Glould as quoted in Ostwald, 1997,p.77. p. 104 “What had happened was that the masking noise of the vacuum cleaner ...” Ostwald, 1997,p.77. p. 104 “The strange thing was that all of it suddenly sounded better ...” Glenn Glould as quoted in Ostwald, 1997,p.77. p. 105 “As we drove there, I noticed a peculiar quality of detachment and iso- lation ...” Ostwald, 1997,p.32. p. 105 “comparable to sitting on the IRT during rush hour ...” Robert Hurwitz as quoted in Payzant, 1978,p.129. p. 106 “It really is, in fact, composition ...” Glenn Gould as quoted in Payzant, 1978,p.130. p. 106 “... my most joyous moments in radio ...” Glenn Gould as quoted in Ostwald, 1997,p.259. p. 107 “G.G.: May I speak now?” This imaginary dialog is quoted in Ostwald, 1997,p.263. p. 108 “His current and rather complex diagnosis ...” Helen Metaros, in a transcript of a 1999 panel discussion entitled “Glenn Gould and the Doctors,” in GlennGould Magazine, vol. 6,no.2, Fall 2000,p.88. p. 108 “Comprising Gould’s narcissistic traits ...” Lynn Walter,in a transcript of a 1999 panel discussion entitled “Glenn Gould and the Doctors,” in GlennGould Magazine, vol. 6,no.2, Fall 2000.p.89. 208 lawrence osborne: AMERICAN NORMAL CHAPTER 4: RAIN MEN p. 115 “Prime numbers and presidents. Petra had never dreamed that she would find these subjects sexy until she met and fell in love with Arthur ...” From “Guess Who Isn’t Coming to Lunch,” by Jonathan Mitchell. © 2002 by Jonathan Mitchell. Reprinted by permission. Available at: http://hometown.aol.com/jmitch955. p. 115 “Did I ever tell you that the license plate number ...” From “Guess Who Isn’t Coming to Lunch,” by Jonathan Mitchell. © 2002 by Jonathan Mitchell. Reprinted by permission. Available at: http://home- town.aol.com/jmitch955. p. 117 “I’m ‘Enery the Eighth I am ...” The ancient music hall lyric (by Murray and Weston, 1911) was first popularized by the British vaude- ville singer Harry Champion. In the 1960s, it was re-popularized by the British group Herman’s Hermits. p. 119 “The unconscious which is within us ...” Alfred Binet as quoted in Treffert, 1989,p.27. p. 119 “When a mathematician becomes really skilled ...” Grandin, 1996, pp. 32–33. p. 120 “It is Pullen who comes to mind ...” Treffert, 1989,pp.32–33. p. 121 “His powers of observation, comparison, attention ...” Alfred F. Tredgold as quoted in Treffert, 1989,p.35. p. 121 “with both his eyes wide open to the bright world ...” F.Sano as quot- ed in Treffert, 1989,p.35. p. 122 “Blind Tom will play this or that piece for you ...” Edward Sequin as quoted in Treffert, 1989,pp.39–40. p. 122 “As soon as the new tune begins ...” Edward Sequin as quoted in Treffert, 1989,p.40. p. 122 “kicking, pounding his hands together ...” Edward Podolsky as quoted in Treffert, 1989,p.41. p. 123 “Most aments are fond of music ...” Alfred F. Tredgold as quoted in Treffert, 1989,p.41. p. 123 “The association of musical ability ...” Treffert, 1989,p.41. p. 123 “the name, age, address, family structure ...” David S. Viscott as quoted in Treffert, 1989,pp.45–46. p. 124 “He could also describe the highways ...” Peek, 1996. CHAPTER 5: DIAGNOSING JEFFERSON p. 140 “My Jefferson study reveals a brilliant and talented man ...” Ledgin, 2000,p.196.