1 Essay History Grade 10 TIP For a virtual tour of the palace, click here. France was weak to foreign invasion. The formation of the National Assembly allowed the three estates to vote together. French Revolution Timeline 37. Maximilien Robespierre took over leadership of the Jacobins and aimed to create a new republic in France, one that upheld virtue and citizenship. Accessed 25 May 2020 , Available at. The Estates General was a parliament that was composed of clergy, nobility and commoners. On the 21st of January 1793, King Louis XVI was sentenced to death by guillotine. On the 20th of June, members of the National Assembly were locked out of Versailles. 16 This event supposedly symbolised the overthrowing of royal tyranny. 26 The Reign of Terror began on the 5th of September 1793, when an official war was declared on those who held counter-revolutionary alliances or sympathies. The Jacobins, Robespierre and the Reign of Terror. Tennis Court Oath and the National Constituent Assembly. This act would, in fact, later lead to the counter-revolution. 9 This was arguably a milestone in France s path towards a revolution. The Bastille prison was the place in which high-ranking state prisoners were held. The Storming of the Bastille forced King Louis XVI to accept the National Assembly. 20 During this time, political clubs like the Cordeliers and Jacobins attempted to control the National Assembly. The Role Ordinary People and Women in the Revolution. 4 When Necker was recalled to office by King Louis XVI, there was the decision to consult the Estates General in order to handle France s economic status. This period saw a change in many systems, including the French calendar and naming of towns. With that being said, many peasants did not support the Reign of Terror. The Girondins were expelled from the National Convention on the 2nd of June. While colonialism and slavery flourished in the 18th century, the foundations of modern democracy were also being established. Internally, France faced the challenge of maintaining peace. 28 On the 27th of July, 1793, Robespierre and the Jacobin leaders were overthrown and sent to the guillotine. The palace of Versailles was built on the château, a rural location of a luxurious residence, of Louis XII. On the 20th of September, a radical Assembly known as the National Convention was elected. 36 Many of the class structures remained the same. Napoleon Bonaparte defeated the remaining royalists on the 5th of October 1795. Middle class women also wanted to gain political favour. 14 The crowd then gathered in front of the Bastille to collect military equipment to defend against the troops. On or around the 10th of August, Parisian radicals stormed the Tuileries. This content was originally produced for the SAHO classroom by Ilse Brookes, Amber Fox-Martin Simone van der Colff. Between the 17th of June and 19th of July , 1789, the National Constituent Assembly was formed in France. 11 The King had ordered a concentration of troops to be stationed around Paris. 30 By 1799, Napoleon led a coup d état against the five-man Directory. After unsuccessful delegations on the part of Bernard-René de Launay, the governor of the Bastille, the crowd forced their way into the undefended outer courtyard. She was later imprisoned and executed. TIP For full essays on the causes and legacy of the French revolution, see Topic 3 Example Essay Questions. They enforced conscription on citizens. Evidence suggests that Olympe de Gouges was instrumental in creating the Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female citizen in 1791. The reason for this being Necker s sympathies with France s Third Estate. History Grade 10 - Topic 3 Contextual Overview. Further effects of these class structures were seen in the subsequent Haitian revolution. Although the CPS had been established, the National Convention experienced conflict as a result of conflicting factions. Having previously financed French troops in the American war of independence, Necker had caused an accumulation of public debt. This prison was guarded by 18 canons, 12 artillery pieces, 32 grenadiers and 82 veteran soldiers. 22 Tension grew in France, and while the Tuileries was stormed, a revolutionary Commune initiated the massacre of 1200 counter-revolutionaries. The Estates General convened at the Palace of Versailles in the May of 1789. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. In this meeting, the third estate advocated for voting rights. A counter-revolution, in this case a civil war, broke out for three days. The Period of Reform 1781-1789. Napoleon Bonaparte. Jacques Necker was a key role player in Frances economic status. The period of violent change 1792-1794. Chronological order of French Governments 1789-1794. This phase saw the undoing of the Feudal system in France. Ordinary people were at the forefront of the revolution. After this event, the people of France lost their faith in the King. Eugène Delacroix, Commemoration of the French Revolution , Enrich Lessing Culture and Fine Arts Archives. Accessed 25 May 2020 Image Source. TIP See additional SAHO article on European Revolutions 1750 to 1850. This did not result in immediate changes for the French working class. The Storming of the Bastille was led by ordinary people, and soon after, peasants in France became politically active. As a result, the third estate broke away and decided to form the National Assembly. Here they swore to remain until a constitution is established. It also played a role in triggering the Storming of the Bastille. 21 On the 12th of June, 1791, The King attempted to flee Versailles, but was captured in Varennes. Within five years, Napoleon Bonaparte became Emperor of France. Some historians believe that the French revolution was the beginning of the fight for women s equality in Europe. They sought support from sympathetic nobles and clergymen. The privileged estates fiercely opposed Necker. Up until this point, the Estates General had not convened in 175 years. Major events in the French Revolution. Bernard-René de Launay, surrounded by soldiers during the Storming of the Bastille. 34 Another influential woman was Manon Roland. It was ended when a Revolutionary Tribunal was established on the 10th of March, 1793. The conditions in France that caused the revolution in 1789 should be put into context regarding why revolutions did not occur in a reforming monarchy such as the United Kingdom, or in Russia. 8 This oath became known as the Tennis Court Oath. 33 Women had to provide for their families, and were affected by the overpriced food. They were instrumental in leading a bread march to Versailles on the 5th of October 1789. Jacques Necker, France s finance minister, was a strong advocate for the merging of the estates. Word spread quickly about the fall of the Bastille, and prompted further uprisings across France. 23 Following this, France was declared a republic. In 10 months, as many as 20 000 citizens were executed for being enemies of the revolution. Subsequently, King Louis XIV fired Necker on the 11th of July. Middle class women did not appreciate the aristocracy s overspending. Evidently, this gave rise to the power of the Jacobins. On the 3rd of November, the Committee for Public Safety CPS was replaced with a five-man Directory. 27 Ter- ror across France spread, and instant justice took precedence. He was subsequently seized by the crowd and decapitated Image Source. 3 Power was retained in the palace until the reign of Louis XVI. 29 Following this, there were two attempted elections, but they were both annulled due to royalist radical divisions. The beginnings of revolution in France forced Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette, out of the palace. By the end of the revolution, the estate system had come to an end. In response to the rumour, an estimated 600 to 1000 people assembled with weapons that had been seized from the Hôtel des 2 Invalides. Louis XVI attempted to bring economic reform to France in 1788. She was married to a revolutionary leader and vocalised the need for gender equality. All of this resulted in a significant change in their status, they were no longer seen as subjects of the king, but rather citizens with rights. One could argue that when the National Assembly relocated to Paris, the number of ordinary people in attendance grew. Women played a very important role in the revolution. 17 On the 4th of August the National Assembly deputies voted against Feudal privileges hyperlink to topic 1. France then suffered from a series of military defeats, and panic spread across the country. In the April of 1792, France declared war on Austria and Prussia. The Jacobins, the National Convention and the Committee for Public Safety. 32 By the time the Reign of Terror came around, many people joined the revolutionary armies. The Jacobins were a political party that had control throughout France. It is important to consider the ideas of liberty, equality, fraternity and individual freedom in the late 18th cen- tury, and to understand what these meant in societies of the time. Following this, the white terror resulted in an anti-Jacobin backlash. Women played a very important role in the revolution. 17 On the 4th of August the National Assembly deputies voted against Feudal privileges hyperlink to topic 1. France then suffered from a series of military defeats, and panic spread across the country. In the April of 1792, France declared war on Austria and Prussia. The Jacobins, the National Convention and the Committee for Public Safety. 32 By the time the Reign of Terror came around, many people joined the revolutionary armies. The Jacobins were a political party that had control throughout France.