06/08/95 3:27 PM cat96a3.qxd Page 1 Macalester College 1995–1996 Catalog 06/08/95 3:27 PM cat96a3.qxd Table of Contents Table of Contents College Calendar . 3 Mission, History and Religious Affiliation A History . 6 Statement of Purpose and Belief . 9 Church Affiliation . 10 Presidents of the College . 12 Board of Trustees . 12 Admissions, Expenses and Financial Aid Admissions Policies . 16 Expenses . 22 Financial Aid . 25 The Academic Program The Academic Year . 32 Statement from the Faculty . 32 Graduation Requirements . 33 Curricular Recommendations . 39 Instructional Policies . 42 The Curriculum . 50 Course Listings . 53 Special Programs . 243 Student Support Services Student Affairs . 250 Academic Services . 254 Scholarships and Special Endowed Funds Endowed Scholarships . 260 Annually Contributed Scholarships . 277 Prizes . 277 Loan Funds . 283 Special Endowed Funds . 284 Endowed Professorships . 286 Directories Officials of the College . 288 Emeriti Faculty and Staff . 288 Faculty . 291 Consortium Memberships . 303 Accreditations, Approvals, and Memberships . 303 Enrollment and Graduation Statistics . 303 Index . 307 2 06/08/95 3:27 PM cat96a3.qxd 1995–1996 Calendar 1995–1996 Calendar Fall Semester 1995 Sept. 4/Mon. Labor Day Holiday Sept. 6–9/Wed.–Sat. New Student Orientation Sept. 11/Mon. Upperclass Validation Sept. 11/Mon. Beginning of Classes Sept. 11/Mon. Incompletes Due from Spring, Summer 1995 Sept. 22/Fri. Last Day to Register or Validate Sept. 29/Fri. Last Day to Add a Class, Drop a Class (No Notation), and Designate Grading Options Oct. 26–29/Thurs.–Sun. Fall Mid-Term Break Nov. 10/Fri. Last Day to Withdraw Nov. 13–Dec. 1/Mon.–Fri. Intersession and Spring 1996 Class Registration Nov. 23–26/Thurs.–Sun. Thanksgiving Recess Dec. 15/Fri. Classes End Dec. 18–21/Mon.–Thurs. Final Examinations Intersession Term 1996 Jan. 3/Wed. Beginning of Classes Jan. 5/Fri. Last Day to Register, Add a Class, Drop a Class (No Notation), and Designate Grading Options Jan. 6/Sat. Extra “Monday” Class Meeting Day Jan. 12/Fri. Last Day to Withdraw from a Class Jan. 15/Mon. Martin Luther King Jr. Day (Classes Cancelled) Jan. 26/Fri. Classes End Jan. 26/Fri. Final Examinations Spring Semester 1996 Jan. 30–31/Tues.–Wed. Validation of Registration Jan. 31/Wed. Beginning of Classes Jan. 31/Wed. Incompletes Due from Fall 1995 Feb. 6/Tues. Incompletes Due from Intersession 1996 Feb. 13/Tues. Last Day to Register or Validate Feb. 20/Tues. Last Day to Add a Class, Drop a Class (No Notation), and Designate Grading Options Mar. 16–24/Sat.–Sun. Spring Mid-Term Break Apr. 4/Thurs. Last Day to Withdraw Apr. 5/Fri. Good Friday (Classes Cancelled) Apr. 22–May 3/Mon.–Fri. Fall 1996 Class Registration May 13/Mon. Classes End May 14–15/Tues.–Wed. Study Days May 16–21/Thurs.–Tues. Final Examinations May 25/Sat. Baccalaureate and Commencement 3 06/08/95 3:27 PM cat96a3.qxd Inside front cover Catalog Statement All statements contained in this catalog reflect the approved policies of Macalester College that were in effect as of May 1, 1995. However, for the best possible educational experience of its students, or for unexpected financial reasons, the College reserves its right to change at any time any of the provisions, statements, policies, curricula, procedures, regulations, or fees. Such changes will be duly published and distributed. Students, faculty and staff are responsible for all information and deadlines contained in this catalog and in the current Student Handbook (available in the Office of the Dean of Students). The Student Handbook supplements the College Catalog and expands upon College policies and procedures. Nondiscriminatory Policy Macalester College does not unlawfully discriminate in its policies, procedures or practices on the basis of race, sex, color, national origin, sexual orientation, religion, disability, marital status, age, or status as disabled veterans or veterans of the Vietnam era. Further, Macalester College complies with all applicable laws which include, but are not limited to, Titles VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Sections 503 and 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, and the Minnesota Human Rights Act. Macalester College also complies with all applicable regulations under the Americans With Disabilities Act which prohibit unlawful discrimination on the basis of disability in the full and comparable enjoyment of College admission, goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages and accommodations. 06/08/95 3:27 PM cat96a3.qxd Page 5 Mission, History and Religious Affiliation 06/08/95 3:27 PM cat96a3.qxd Mission Mission Macalester is committed to being a preeminent liberal arts college with an educational program known for its high standards for scholarship and its special emphasis on internationalism, multiculturalism, and service to society. [approved by the Board of Trustees, May 1992] History Introduction. Macalester College’s commitment to academic excellence, internationalism, a multicultural perspective, and community involvement is firmly rooted in its history. Its founder intended Macalester to be one of the finest colleges in the country. His commitment to academic excellence has been reaffirmed in each decade since. A strong international tradition, begun in the 1940s, flourishes today through the presence of international students and faculty, the incorporation of world issues into courses and campus events, and the deeply significant experience of study abroad. Macalester also has a long history of deliberately seeking students and faculty from a variety of cultural, ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds, and students who will contribute actively to the college community. The College’s location in the heart of a lively and progressive metropolitan area provides a rich cultural and educational resource. Faculty members have become known for their use of Saint Paul and Minneapolis neighborhoods, businesses, cultural offerings and government leaders to augment classroom instruction. Likewise, students involve themselves in a variety of internship and volunteer experiences, and draw on the cities for wide-ranging social, cultural and recreational activities. The Founding. Macalester College was opened at its present site on September 15, 1885. But long before that, the College’s founder, The Rev. Dr. Edward Duffield Neill, had been carefully laying the groundwork to ensure its success. Neill was a remarkable man who believed strongly in the value of private education. A pioneer clergyman and educator in Minnesota from 1851 until his death in 1893, Dr. Neill was also instrumental in the development of public education in Minnesota, serving as the first Superintendent of Schools for the Territory and as Chancellor for the University of Minnesota. He was also the founding pastor of two St. Paul Presbyterian churches, House of Hope and First Presbyterian. Macalester is the outgrowth of two academies also founded by Neill. One of these schools was founded in St. Paul in 1853; the other was established in Minneapolis in 1873, after Dr. Neill returned to Minnesota having served as secretary under President Abraham Lincoln. Both academies were named after M.W. Baldwin, a famous locomotive builder, who was a close friend of Dr. Neill 6 06/08/95 3:27 PM cat96a3.qxd History and a financial supporter of his first educational undertaking. In 1873, Dr. Neill sought aid from Charles Macalester, a prominent businessman and philanthropist from Philadelphia, for the purpose of developing the Baldwin School into a college. Macalester donated a noted summer hotel at St. Anthony Falls in Minneapolis, known as the Winslow House. With that, the new institution was named Macalester College, and chartered by the Minnesota legislature in March 1874. Yet it would take a decade for the new college to establish an endowment, build a new campus, and enroll its first class. In order to secure adequate endowment, Dr. Neill asked the Synod of the Presbyterian Church of Minnesota to adopt Macalester as a denominational institution. On October 15, 1880, by action of the Synod, it came under Presbyterian control. The trustees of the College, in 1883, donated forty acres of land to the institution; they then sold the Winslow House and with the proceeds erected the original Old Main building in 1884 (the current Old Main was a larger wing added two years later). The same year, the Synod completed an endowment of $25,000 for the president’s chair, and in 1885, the College was opened to students. When it opened, Macalester had five professors, six freshmen, and 52 preparatory students from Baldwin School. The College first admitted women in 1893. Between the years 1889 and 1898, the College graduated 100 students. Dedicated Scholarship. The first few decades of the College were marked by the dedicated scholarship of its leaders. Especially notable were the efforts of Dr. James Wallace, who for 12 years, both as acting president from 1894 to 1900 and as president from 1900 to 1906, secured the College’s lasting reputation for scholastic excellence in its programs, and among the faculty and students. Moreover, Dr. Wallace as president made almost superhuman efforts to raise the money and secure the support necessary to keep the College alive during a period when financial hardships plagued it. Dr. Wallace joined the Macalester College faculty in 1887. Until shortly before his death in 1939, he taught religion, Greek and political science. As a scholar, teacher and friend to students, Wallace was without peer. His students left his classes with a sense of aspiration, a sense of dedication to serving humanity, and a sense of striving for the best. Throughout his years at Macalester, he epitomized the highest ideals of human service—a tradition to which the College has clung ever since. Emerging Internationalism. The College struggled with the nation through the Depression years. The post World War II period found the College academically sound, sufficiently supported, and committed, under the leadership of President Charles J.