The Souris River Study Unit.................................................................................11.1 Description of the Souris River Study Unit ......................................................11.1 Physiography ................................................................................................ 11.6 Drainage ....................................................................................................... 11.6 Climate.......................................................................................................... 11.7 Landforms and Soils..................................................................................... 11.8 Floodplains ............................................................................................... 11.8 Terraces .................................................................................................... 11.9 Valley Walls.............................................................................................. 11.9 Alluvial Fans........................................................................................... 11.10 Upland Plains ......................................................................................... 11.10 Flora and Fauna ......................................................................................... 11.10 Other Natural Resource Potential............................................................... 11.11 Overview of Previous Archeological Work .....................................................11.12 Inventory Projects .......................................................................................11.12 Assessment of Inventory Procedures .................................................... 11.36 Test Excavation Projects ............................................................................ 11.38 Assessment of Sampling Designs and Testing Strategies .................... 11.47 Major Excavation Projects ......................................................................... 11.47 NRHP and NDSHSR .................................................................................. 11.48 Other Work................................................................................................. 11.48 Paleo-Indian Period ........................................................................................11.51 Paleo-Environmental Modeling..................................................................11.51 Cultural Chronology ................................................................................... 11.52 Settlement Behavior................................................................................... 11.54 Native Subsistence Practices...................................................................... 11.55 Technologies............................................................................................... 11.55 Artifact Styles ............................................................................................. 11.56 Regional Interaction................................................................................... 11.56 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies ............................. 11.57 Plains Archaic Period..................................................................................... 11.57 Paleo-Environmental Modeling................................................................. 11.57 Cultural Chronology ................................................................................... 11.58 Settlement Behavior................................................................................... 11.58 Native Subsistence Practices...................................................................... 11.59 Technologies............................................................................................... 11.59 Artifact Styles .............................................................................................11.60 Regional Interaction...................................................................................11.60 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies ..............................11.61 Plains Woodland Period .................................................................................11.61 Paleo-Environmental Modeling................................................................. 11.62 Cultural Chronology ................................................................................... 11.62 Settlement Behavior................................................................................... 11.63 Native Subsistence Practices...................................................................... 11.63 Technologies............................................................................................... 11.64 Artifact Styles ............................................................................................. 11.64 Regional Interaction................................................................................... 11.64 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies ............................. 11.65 Plains Village Period ...................................................................................... 11.65 Paleo-Environmental Modeling................................................................. 11.66 Cultural Chronology ................................................................................... 11.66 Settlement Behavior................................................................................... 11.67 Native Subsistence Practices...................................................................... 11.67 Technologies............................................................................................... 11.67 Artifact Style ............................................................................................... 11.67 Regional Interaction................................................................................... 11.68 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies ............................. 11.69 Equestrian/Fur Trade Period ........................................................................ 11.69 Paleo-Environmental Modeling................................................................. 11.70 Cultural Chronology ................................................................................... 11.70 Settlement Behavior................................................................................... 11.70 Technologies................................................................................................11.71 Artifact Styles ..............................................................................................11.71 Regional Interaction....................................................................................11.71 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies ............................. 11.72 Figure 11.1: Map of the Souris River Study Unit. ................................................ 11.2 Figure 11.1A: Shaded relief map of the Souris River Study Unit. ....................... 11.3 Figure 11.2: US Army Corps of Engineers work through 1989. .........................11.41 Figure 11.3: Map of a portion of the northern Great Plains showing locations of proglacial lakes and spillways (from Kehew and Lord 1986:Figure 1)............. 11.53 Table 11.1: Townships in the Souris River Study Unit. ....................................... 11.4 Table 11.2: Feature Type by Landform for Archeological Sites in the Souris River Study Unit, 13-Sept-2007. ..................................................................................11.14 Table 11.3: Cultural/Temporal Affiliation of Archeological Resources in the Souris River Study Unit, 13-Sept-2007. ........................................................................11.16 Table 11.4: Inventory Projects in the Souris River Study Unit, 5-Sept-2007. ...11.17 Table 11.5: Test Excavation Projects in the Souris River Study Unit, 5-Sept-2007. ............................................................................................................................ 11.39 Table 11.6: Major Excavation Projects in the Souris River Study Unit, 5-Sept- 2007. .................................................................................................................. 11.48 Table 11.7: Other Work in the Souris River Study Unit, 5-Sept-2007.............. 11.49 Table 11.8: Paleo-Indian Point and Lithic Raw Material Types from Private Surface Collections in Bottineau County, North Dakota. Adapted from Miller (1992:Table 1). ................................................................................................... 11.54 The Souris River Study Unit Paul R. Picha, Michael L. Gregg, and Amy Bleier 2008 This Study Unit is located in north-central North Dakota. Saskatchewan and Manitoba border it to the north. The Sheyenne River and Northern Red River study units border it to the east, and the Garrison and Southern Missouri River study units border it to the south. Description of the Souris River Study Unit Included are all or parts of the following counties: Benson, Bottineau, Burke, Divide, McHenry, McLean, Mountrail, Pierce, Renville, Rolette, Sheridan, and Ward. It encompasses 9,118 mi2 of the state. Figures 11.1 and 11.1A illustrate the Study Unit and Table 11.1 provides a complete list of townships within it. The Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation, located in Rolette County, North Dakota, is 6-x-12-mi.