Tropical Medicine Theme Park in Brandenburg, Germany! This scene is from Germany! Welcome to Brisbane Self-introduction almost-tropics Peter O’Donoghue Tropical Medicine University of perspective: Queensland • personalized Brisbane • narcissitic MY FAMILY’S TROPICAL ODYSSEY Background Familial experiences with ‘TROPICS’ Uncle Scotland India died! Irish Scottish Sean (tea plantations) Oz hbidhybrid ague moved to [malaria] (protozoa) Brisbane (almost-tropics) 1 Familial experiences with ‘TROPICS’ Familial experiences with ‘TROPICS’ Uncle Germany Africa died! Uncle France Egypt died! David (cattle) Jean-Paul (work on dam) anthrax bilharzia (bacteria) (helminth) Familial experiences with ‘TROPICS’ Familial experiences with ‘TROPICS’ Uncle Holland East Indies died! Uncle USA Panama died! Rutger (spice plantations) Clint (work on canal) crypto- yellow coccosis fever (fungus) (virus) Familial experiences with ‘TROPICS’ Tropics can be dangerous! Uncle China New Guinea died! Presence of nasty infectious diseases Jet (gold mines) screw worm (arthropod) (six exemplars linked to colonial development) 2 Tropical Medicine Tropics Field developed to protect health of colonists bound by latitudes where sun is directly overhead for at least one day per year 23. 4N TiTropic of Cancer 23.4S Tropic of Capricorn early Schools/Institutes not in tropics 36% of land mass Population Temperature 40% of people warm (year-long) ~3 billion no winter Rainfall Agriculture wet (60% global rainfall) subsistence level (where possible) ≥ 1 m per year bulk cropping in temperate zones 3 Economic wealth Healthcare poor (25% global GDP) 10% global expenditure (per capita) many developing countries poor infrastructure Tropical Medicine Germ theory Micro-parasites Macro-parasites radical changes in knowledge and beliefs viruses bacteria protozoa fungi helminths arthropods nano-metres micro-metres milli-metres centi-metres multiplicative in host cumulative in host severe acute diseases chronic diseases diseases not caused by spirits, spells, miasmas, etc... 37% bacterial (86) 29% viral (65) # infectious diseases [Wiki N = 240] # infectious diseases [Wiki N = 240] 13% helminth (30) 12% fungal (28) 7% protozoan (17) 2% arthropod (5) Acinetobacter Chromoblastomycosis Haemophilus influenzae Meningococcal disease Schistosomiasis Acinetobacter Chromoblastomycosis Haemophilus influenzae Meningococcal disease Schistosomiasis Actinomycosis Clonorchiasis Hand, foot & mouth disease Metagonimiasis Sepsis Actinomycosis Clonorchiasis Hand, foot & mouth disease Metagonimiasis Sepsis African trypanosomiasis Clostridium difficile colitis Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Microsporidiosis Shigellosis African trypanosomiasis Clostridium difficile colitis Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Microsporidiosis Shigellosis Acquired immunodeficiency Coccidioidomycosis Heartland virus disease Molluscum contagiosum Shingles Acquired immunodeficiency Coccidioidomycosis Heartland virus disease Molluscum contagiosum Shingles syndrome Colorado tick fever Helicobacter pylori Monkeypox Smallpox syndrome Colorado tick fever Helicobacter pylori Monkeypox Smallpox Amoebiasis Common cold (acute viral Haemolytic uremic syndrome Mumps Sporotrichosis Amoebiasis Common cold (acute viral Haemolytic uremic syndrome Mumps Sporotrichosis Anaplasmosis rhinopharyngitis, acute coryza) Haemorrhagic fever with Murine typhus (endemic) Staphylococcoal food poisoning Anaplasmosis rhinopharyngitis, acute coryza) Haemorrhagic fever with Murine typhus (endemic) Staphylococcoal food poisoning Angiostrongyliasis Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) renal syndrome Mycoplasma pneumonia Staphylococcus Angiostrongyliasis Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) renal syndrome Mycoplasma pneumonia Staphylococcus Anisakiasis Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever Hepatitis A Mycetoma Strongyloidiasis Anisakiasis Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever Hepatitis A Mycetoma Strongyloidiasis Anthrax Cryptococcosis Hepatitis B Myiasis Subacute sclerosing Anthrax Cryptococcosis Hepatitis B Myiasis Subacute sclerosing Arcanobacterium haemolyticum Cryptosporidiosis Hepatitis C Neonatal conjunctivitis panencephalitis Arcanobacterium haemolyticum Cryptosporidiosis Hepatitis C Neonatal conjunctivitis panencephalitis Argentine haemorrhagic fever Cutaneous larval migrans Hepatitis D New –variant CJD Syphilis Argentine haemorrhagic fever Cutaneous larval migrans Hepatitis D New –variant CJD Syphilis Ascariasis Cyclosporiasis Hepatitis E Nocardiosis Taeniasis Ascariasis Cyclosporiasis Hepatitis E Nocardiosis Taeniasis Aspergillosis Cysticercosis Herpes simplex Onchocerciasis Tetanus Aspergillosis Cysticercosis Herpes simplex Onchocerciasis Tetanus Astrovirus Cytomegalovirus Histoplasmosis Opisthorchiasis Tinea barbae Astrovirus Cytomegalovirus Histoplasmosis Opisthorchiasis Tinea barbae Babesiosis Dengue fever Hookworm Paracoccidioidomycosis Tinea capitis Babesiosis Dengue fever Hookworm Paracoccidioidomycosis Tinea capitis Bacillus cereus Desmodesmus Human bocavirus Paragonimiasis Tinea corporis Bacillus cereus Desmodesmus Human bocavirus Paragonimiasis Tinea corporis Bacterial pneumonia Dientamoebiasis Human ewingii ehrlichiosis Pasteurellosis Tinea cruris Bacterial pneumonia Dientamoebiasis Human ewingii ehrlichiosis Pasteurellosis Tinea cruris Bacterial vaginosis Diphtheria Human granulocytic anaplasmosis Pediculosis capitis Tinea manum Bacterial vaginosis Diphtheria Human granulocytic anaplasmosis Pediculosis capitis Tinea manum Bacteroides Diphyllobothriasis Human metapneumovirus Pediculosis corporis Tinea nigra Bacteroides Diphyllobothriasis Human metapneumovirus Pediculosis corporis Tinea nigra Balantidiasis Dracunculiasis Human monocytic ehrlichiosis Pediculosis pubis Tinea pedis Balantidiasis Dracunculiasis Human monocytic ehrlichiosis Pediculosis pubis Tinea pedis Bartonellosis Ebola haemorrhagic fever Human papillomavirus Pelvic inflammatory disease Tinea unguium Bartonellosis Ebola haemorrhagic fever Human papillomavirus Pelvic inflammatory disease Tinea unguium Baylisascaris Echinococcosis Human parainfluenza virus Pertussis Tinea versicolor Baylisascaris Echinococcosis Human parainfluenza virus Pertussis Tinea versicolor BK virus Ehrlichiosis Hymenolepiasis Plague Toxocariasis (ocular) BK virus Ehrlichiosis Hymenolepiasis Plague Toxocariasis (ocular) Black piedra Enterobiasis Epstein-Barr virus infectious Pneumococcus Toxocariasis (visceral) Black piedra Enterobiasis Epstein-Barr virus infectious Pneumococcus Toxocariasis (visceral) Blastocystosis Enterococcus mononucleosis Pneumocystis pneumonia Trachoma Blastocystosis Enterococcus mononucleosis Pneumocystis pneumonia Trachoma Blastomycosis Enterovirus Influenza Pneumonia Toxoplasmosis Blastomycosis Enterovirus Influenza Pneumonia Toxoplasmosis Bolivian haemorrhagic fever Epidemic typhus Isosporiasis Poliomyelitis Trichinosis Bolivian haemorrhagic fever Epidemic typhus Isosporiasis Poliomyelitis Trichinosis Botulism Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) Kawasaki disease Prevotella Trichomoniasis Botulism Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) Kawasaki disease Prevotella Trichomoniasis Brazilian haemorrhagic fever Exathem subitum (sixth disease) Keratitis Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis Trichuriasis Brazilian haemorrhagic fever Exathem subitum (sixth disease) Keratitis Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis Trichuriasis Brucellosis Fasciolasis Kingella kingae Progressive multifocal Tuberculosis Brucellosis Fasciolasis Kingella kingae Progressive multifocal Tuberculosis Bubonic plague Fasciolopsiasis Kuru leukoencephalopathy Tularemia Bubonic plague Fasciolopsiasis Kuru leukoencephalopathy Tularemia Burkholderia Fatal familial insomnia Lassa fever Psittacosis Typhoid fever Burkholderia Fatal familial insomnia Lassa fever Psittacosis Typhoid fever Buruli ulcer Filariasis Legionellosis (Legionnaire’s disease) Q fever Typhus fever Buruli ulcer Filariasis Legionellosis (Legionnaire’s disease) Q fever Typhus fever Calcivirus (Norovirus, Sapovirus) Food poisoning (Cl. perfringens) Legionellosis (Pontiac fever) Rabies Ureaplasma urealyticum Calcivirus (Norovirus, Sapovirus) Food poisoning (Cl. perfringens) Legionellosis (Pontiac fever) Rabies Ureaplasma urealyticum Campylobacteriosis Free-living amoebae Leishmaniasis Relapsing fever Valley fever Campylobacteriosis Free-living amoebae Leishmaniasis Relapsing fever Valley fever Candidiasis (moniliasis, thrush) Fusobacterium Leprosy Respiratory syncytial virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis Candidiasis (moniliasis, thrush) Fusobacterium Leprosy Respiratory syncytial virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis Capillariasis Gas gangrene (Cl. myonecrosis) Leptospirosis Rhinosporidiosis Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever Capillariasis Gas gangrene (Cl. myonecrosis) Leptospirosis Rhinosporidiosis Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever Carrion’s disease Geotrichosis Listerosis Rhinovirus Vibrio vulnificus Carrion’s disease Geotrichosis Listerosis Rhinovirus Vibrio vulnificus Cat-scratch disease Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Lyme disease Rickettsia Vibrio parahaemolyticus Cat-scratch disease Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Lyme disease Rickettsia Vibrio parahaemolyticus Cellulitis syndrome Lymphatic filariasis Rickettsialpox Viral encephalitis Cellulitis syndrome Lymphatic filariasis Rickettsialpox Viral encephalitis Chagas disease Giardiasis Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Rift valley fever Viral pneumonia Chagas disease Giardiasis Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Rift valley fever Viral pneumonia Chancroid Glanders Malaria Rocky Mountain spotted fever West Nile fever Chancroid Glanders Malaria Rocky