THIS PROJECT IS BEING PART-FINANCED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGION AL DEVELOPMENT FUND CONTENTS Page 1 Ron Munro, Frank MacCulloch Tyre Pressure Control on Timber Haulage Vehicles Some observations on a trial in Highland, Scotland CONTENTS Page 2 Tyre Pressure Control on Timber Haulage Vehicles Some observations on a trial in Highland, Scotland February 2008 Ron Munro Munroconsult Ltd Frank MacCulloch Forestry Commission Scotland CONTENTS Page 3 PREFACE This is a final report from Task B2 of the ROADEX III project, a technical trans-national cooperation project between The Highland Council, Forestry Commission Scotland and Comhairle Nan Eilean Siar from Scotland; The Northern Region of The Norwegian Public Roads Administration; The Northern Region of The Swedish Road Administration and the Swedish Forest Agency; The Savo-Karjala Region of The Finnish Road Administration; the Icelandic Road Administration; and the Municipality of Sisimiut from Greenland. The lead partner in the project is The Northern Region of The Swedish Road Administration and project consultant is Roadscanners Oy from Finland. This report summarizes a trial of a “Tyre Pressure Control System” (TPCS) on the A987 and B871 public roads in the Highland area of Scotland and includes inputs from other field tests in Scotland, Sweden and Canada. The work has been carried out in close collaboration with Task B2 “Developing and applying a basic understanding of low volume pavement behaviour”, the results of which are presented in a separate report. The report was prepared by Ron Munro of Munroconsult Ltd, working under sub-contract to Roadscanners Oy, on behalf of the Task B2 project team comprising Frank MacCulloch of Forestry Commission Scotland, Andrew Dawson of the Nottingham Centre for Pavement Engineering at the University of Nottingham (UK), Pauli Kolisoja and Nuutti Vuorimies of the Tampere University of Technology, Finland. In addition contributions have also been given by Timo Saarenketo of Roadscanners Oy, Svante Johansson of Roadscanners Sweden AB and Daniel Lamb of Michelin UK. Vehicle trials described in the report were carried out on the A897 and B971 public roads in Sutherland, Scotland. Additional test results from Sweden were provided by the Swedish Forest Agency (Skogsstyrelsen) and the Swedish Road Administration (Vägverket). The information on trials in Canada was provided by FERIC and Tire Pressure Control International Limited. Mika Pyhähuhta of Laboratorio Uleåborg designed the graphic layout. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Mike Howden of the UK Vehicle and Operators Services Agency (VOSA), Sandy Hogg, Jonathan Ritchie and Aaron Skene of James Jones & Sons Ltd, Gordon Mackenzie and Peter Dowson of GA Mackenzie (Kinbrace), Garry Smith and Richard Blain of The Highland Council, Allan Bradley Glen Légère of the Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada (FERIC), and Brian Spreen of Tire Pressure Control International Limited of Edmonton, Alberta. Their assistance is greatly appreciated. Finally the authors would like to thank the ROADEX III Project Partners and the Project Steering Committee for their guidance and encouragement in this work. Copyright © 2008 The ROADEX III Project All rights reserved. ROADEX III Lead Partner: The Swedish Road Administration, Northern Region, Box 809, S-971 25 Luleå. Project co-ordinator: Mr. Krister Palo. CONTENTS Page 4 CONTENTS PREFACE............................................................................................................................... 3 CONTENTS............................................................................................................................ 4 ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................ 6 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 7 1.1 THE ROADEX PROJECT................................................................................................ 7 1.2 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... 8 1.3 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 8 1.4 BACKGROUND TO THE TRIALS .................................................................................. 9 1.5 TIMBER HAULAGE V IMPACT ON ROADS ............................................................... 10 1.6 B871 - A897 SEASONAL WEIGHT RESTRICTION .................................................... 11 CHAPTER 2. TYRE PRESSURE CONTROL........................................................................ 13 2.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 13 2.1 TYRE MANAGEMENT – WHY IS IT NEEDED?.......................................................... 13 2.2 TYRE PRESSURE CONTROL – WHAT IS IT?............................................................ 15 2.2 BENEFITS CLAIMED FOR TYRE PRESSURE CONTROL....................................... 17 2.3 TPCS DEVELOPMENTS IN CANADA AND SWEDEN.............................................. 18 TPCS IN CANADA............................................................................................................... 18 TPCS IN SWEDEN............................................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 3. THE HIGHLAND TRIAL .................................................................................. 21 3.1 THE AIM OF THE HIGHLAND TRIAL ......................................................................... 21 3.2 TEST VEHICLE AND LOAD ........................................................................................ 21 3.3 THE TEST VEHICLE HAULAGE ROUTE ................................................................... 22 3.4 THE TYRE PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM TESTED............................................. 24 3.5 TEST VEHICLE TYRES ............................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS......................................................................................................... 28 4.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 28 4.2 COSTS ........................................................................................................................... 28 4.3 VEHICLE PERFORMANCE 2006-2007....................................................................... 31 4.4 TYRE PERFORMANCE 2006-2007 ............................................................................. 33 4.6 TYRE INFLATION TIME............................................................................................... 38 4.7 TPCS RELIABILITY...................................................................................................... 39 4.8 FUEL CONSUMPTION................................................................................................. 39 4.9 IMPACT ON ROADS TRAVELLED ............................................................................. 40 CONTENTS Page 5 CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................... 42 5.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 42 5.1 GENERAL PERCEPTIONS.......................................................................................... 42 5.2 COSTS .......................................................................................................................... 42 5.3 VEHICLE PERFORMANCE ......................................................................................... 44 5.4 TYRE PERFORMANCE ............................................................................................... 45 5.5 PERCEPTIONS OF OPERATORS .............................................................................. 46 5.6 TPCS RELIABILITY...................................................................................................... 47 5.8 FUEL CONSUMPTION................................................................................................. 47 5.9 IMPACT ON ROADS TRAVELLED ............................................................................. 47 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................... 48 REFERENCES..................................................................................................................... 49 APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................... 51 A BRIEF HISTORY OF VARIABLE TYRE PRESSURE .................................................... 52 CHANGES IN CANADIAN HAULAGE REGULATIONS.................................................... 57 CHANGES IN SWEDISH REGULATION............................................................................ 62 MICHELIN TYRE PRESSURE SUGGESTIONS ................................................................ 68 TIREBOSS TPC SPREADSHEET ...................................................................................... 70 TPCS REFERENCES FROM TIRE PRESSURE CONTROL INTERNATIONAL.............. 72 Abstract Page 6 Abstract The European Union ROADEX Project 1998 – 2007 is a trans-national