AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF THE PROVINCIAL HOUSING POLICY IN THE NXUBA MUNICIPALITY MHLOBO DOUGLAS DYWILI AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF THE PROVINCIAL HOUSING POLICY IN THE NXUBA MUNICIPALITY MHLOBO DOUGLAS DYWILI MINI-DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (MPA) IN THE FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND COMMERCE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF FORT HARE SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR M. H. MEIRING DATE SUBMITTED: 05 JANUARY 2012 DECLARATION I DECLARE HEREBY THAT THE MINI-DISSERTATION ENTITLED AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF THE PROVINCIAL HOUSING POLICY IN THE NXUBA MUNICIPALITY, IS MY OWN WORK AND HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR A DEGREE AT ANOTHER UNIVERSITY. (ii) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my appreciation and profound gratitude to the following people for their role in making this research a success: - Professor M.H. Meiring (My supervisor) who provided me with the necessary advice, encouragement and support. He went out of his way to assist and guide me in writing the mini-dissertation and correcting the mistakes. - Albert K. Nyamekye ( popularly known as Kwabena) who became my statistician. His focus, insight, statistical and analytical skills cannot be overemphasized. - Clinton C. Weimers – who was my IT specialist. As a well-qualified and experienced Graphic Designer, Clinton was up to the task. He was fast with computyping as well as the designing of all the graphs, making them more colourful and presentable. - On behalf of my family, I also wish to express gratitude to the Nxuba local municipality, Eastern Cape Housing Department and Department of Local Government and Traditional Affairs for receiving, completing and returning all the questionnaires that I sent to them, in good time. - Lastly, but not the least, I need to thank my family for giving me ample time to concentrate on my research work. Their moral support and encouragement provided the driving force and the motivation to complete my research (iii) TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION (i) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (ii) TABLE OF CONTENTS (iii) LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND CHARTS (x) LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS (xiiii) SUMMARY (xiii) KEYWORDS (xv) TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL ORIENTATION 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 2 1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT 8 1.4 HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY 8 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY 8 1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 9 1.7 OUTLINE OF THE CHAPTERS 9 (iv) 1.8 THEORETICAL BASE OF THE STUDY 11 1.9 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 12 1.10 TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS AND WORDS 12 1.10.1 Administration 12 1.10.2 Effectiveness and efficiency 13 1.10.3 Executive function 13 1.10.4 Function 13 1.10.5 Policy 14 1.10.6 Policy analysis 14 1.10.7 Policy evaluation 14 1.11 CONCLUSION 14 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE NATURE AND PLACE OF POLICY EVALUATION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 2.1 INTRODUCTION 17 2.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND BASE FOR POLICY EVALUATION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 18 2.2.1Nature of Process Theory 19 (v) 2.2.1.1 Nature of the Classic Theory 19 2.2.2 Nature of the Systems Theory 20 2.3 POLICY ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION EXPLAINED (CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ) 23 2.3.1 Municipal policy analysis and evaluation 24 2.3.1.1 Policy analysis explained 24 2.3.1.2 Policy evaluation explained 25 2.3.2 STEPS IN POLICY ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION 26 2.3.2.1 Analysis and evaluation of policy inputs 27 2.3.2.2 Analysis and evaluation of processes 28 2.3.2.3Analysis and evaluation of policy outputs 30 2.3.2.4 Analysis and evaluation of policy impact 31 2.4 RENDERING HOUSING SERVICE IN THE LOCAL SPHERE OF GOVERNMENT 32 2.4.1 Legislative framework for the rendering of housing services 33 2.4.2 Nature of housing delivery in the Local Sphere 35 2.5 CONCLUSION 36 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 3.1 INTRODUCTION 38 (vi) 3.2 PERMISSION TO CONDUCT RESEARCH 39 3.3 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY 39 3.3.1 The Survey Area 39 3.3.2 Theoretical scope 42 3.3.3 Period of study 42 3.4 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 42 3.4.1Research approach and strategy 43 3.4.2 Research methodology 44 3.4.2.1 Respondent selection 44 3.4.2.2 Population explained 44 3.4.2.3 Sampling details 45 3.4.3 Data collection instruments and procedures 47 3.4.3.1 Questionnaire details 48 3.4.3.2 Pilot Testing 49 3.4.3.3 Response Rate 50 3.4.3.4 Data Analysis 50 3.4.3.4.1 Statistical Package for Social Science and Significant Statistical Difference. 50 3.4.3.4.2Coding 52 3.4.3.4.3Making convincing arguments 52 (vii) 3.5 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 53 3.6 CONCLUSION 54 CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 4.1 INTRODUCTION 57 4.2 CRITERIA FOR DATA ANALYSIS 58 4.3.QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS 60 4.3.1. Demographic details of respondents 60 4.3.1.1 Age of respondents 60 4.3.1.2 Gender distribution of respondents 64 4.3.1.3 Respondents years of service 65 4.3.1.4 Home language of respondents 68 4.3.1.5 Respondents’ academic qualifications 70 4.4 THE IMPACT OF PROVINCIAL POLICY ON THE PROVISION OF HOUSING SERVICES. (QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS ) 72 4.4.1 Inductive and deductive reasoning 72 4.4.2 In-depth analysis integration process 73 4.4.2.1 Evaluation of the existing housing situation and impact on citizens. (Input Phase) 74 (viii) 4.4.2.1.1 Problems being experienced in the provision of housing service 74 4.4.2.1.2 Housing provision as an essential service 76 4.4.2.2 Evaluation of the administrative enabling function (Processing Phase) 76 4.4.2.3 Evaluation of the existing housing situation (Output Phase) 79 4.5 CONCLUSION 85 CHAPTER 5: IMPACT OF THE EXISTING HOUSING POLICY ON THE CITIZENS OF THE NXUBA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY 5.1 INTRODUCTION 86 5.2 EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF EXISTING HOUSES AND HOUSING SERVICES ON THE CITIZENS (IMPACT PHASE) 86 5.3 ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT 88 5.4 SOCIAL IMPACT 89 5.5 ECONOMIC IMPACT 90 5.6 FINANCIAL IMPACT 90 5.7 POLITICAL IMPACT 91 5.8 CITIZENS’ RESPONSES ON THE OUTPUT AND IMPACT OF HOUSING AND HOUSING SERVICES 92 (ix) 5.8.1 Impact of insufficient funds on the provision of housing services 93 5.8.2 The standard deviation for the establishment of disparity between the length of stay in the current houses of Adelaide and Bedford residents. 96 5.8.3 Provision of housing services 98 5.8.4 The application of the Chi-formula 101 5.9 CONCLUSION 104 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1 INTRODUCTION 107 6.2 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY 108 6.3 INTERPRETATION OF HYPOTHESES 115 6.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 116 6.5 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION BY NXUBA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY 118 6.6 SOME FURTHER IMPORTANT FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 119 (x) LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND CHARTS DIAGRAM 2.1: STAGES OF SYSTEMS THEORY FOR POLICY EVALUATION OF HOUSING SERVICES 21 FIGURE 3.1: LOCATION OF NXUBA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY 40 TABLE 3.1:DETAILS OF THE NXUBA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY 41 TABLE 3.2: TABLE OF ACTUAL, OBSERVED FREQUENCIES AND THEORETICAL FREQUENCIES 51 TABLE 4.1: AGE OF RESPONDENTS 61 BAR GRAPH 4.1: GRAPH SHOWING AGE DISTRIBUTION OF PROVINCIAL POLITICAL OFFICE-BEARERS AND CHIEF OFFICIALS 61 TABLE 4.2: AGE DISTRIBUTION OF MUNICIPAL POLITICAL OFFICE –BEARERS AND CHIEF OFFICIALS IN THE NXUBA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY 62 BAR GRAPH 4.2: SHOWING AGE DISTRIBUTION OF MUNICIPAL POLITICAL OFFICE-BEARERS ,MEC AND CHIEF OFFICIALS 63 TABLE 4.3: GENDER DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDNTS 64 TABLE 4.4: YEARS OF SERVICE OF RESPONDENTS ( PROVINCIAL POLITICAL OFFICE-BEARERS AND CHIEF OFFICIALS ) 65 TABLE 4.5: YEARS OF SERVICE OF MUNICIPAL POLITICAL OFFICE-BEARERS AND CHIEF OFFICIALS IN NXUBA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY 65 BAR GRAPH 4.3: GENDER DISTRIBUTION OF PROVINCIAL POLITICAL OFFICE-BEARERS VS MUNICIPAL OFFICE-BEARERS 66 CURVE 4.1: CUMULATIVE FREQUANCY CURVE ON THE GENDER DISTRIBUTION OF PROVINCIAL OFFICE-BEARERS, MUNICIPAL POLITICAL OFFICE-BEARER AND CHIEF OFFICIALS 67 TABLE 4.6: HOME LANGUAGE OF PROVINCIAL POLITICAL OFFICE-BEARERS AND CHIEF OFFICIALS. 68 TABLE 4.7: HOME LANGUAGE OF MUNICIPAL POLITICAL OFFICE-EARERS AND CHIEF OFFICIALS 69 CHART 4.1: HOME LANGUAGE OF RESPONDENTS 69 TABLE 4.8: ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS OF PROVINCIAL POLITICAL OFFICE-BEARERS 70 (xi) TABLE 4.9: ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS OF MUNICIPAL RESPONDENTS 71 TABLE 4.10: HOUSING AS AN ESSENTIAL SERVICE 76 TABLE 4.11 EVALUATION OF RESPONSES OF PROVINCIAL POLITICAL OFFICE-BEARER ON ADMINISTRATIVE ENABLING FUNCTIONS FOR HOUSING SERVICES 77 TABLE 4.12 EVALUATION OF RESPONSES OF MUNICIPAL OFFICE-BEARER AND CHIEF OFFICIALS ON ADMINISTRATIVE ENABLING FUNCTIONS FOR HOUSING SERVICES 78 TABLE 4.13 EVALUATION OF RESPONSES OF PROVINCIAL POLITICAL OFFICE-BEARER AND CHIEF OFFICIALS ON THE QUALITY OF RDP HOUSES 80 TABLE 4.14: EVALUATION OF RESPONSES OF MUNICIPAL POLITICAL OFFICE-BEARERS AND CHIEF OFFICIALS ON THE QUALITY OF RDP HOUSES 81 TABLE 4.15: EVALUATION OF RESPONSES ON THE QUALITY OF HOUSING SERVICES 82 TABLE 5.1: RESPONSES FROM THE CITIZENS ON THE OUTPUT AND IMPACT OF HOUSING DELIVERY ON THEM 92 BAR GRAPH 5.1: AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS PER CATEGORY 93 BAR GRAPH 5.2: LENGTH OF STAY IN CURRENT HOUSES BY RESIDENTS 95 TABLE 5.2: STANDARD DEVIATION TABLE 96 BAR GRAPH 5.3: TYPE OF HOUSES PEOPLE LIVE IN 98 TABLE 5.3: CONDITION OF RDP HOUSES 98 BAR GRAPH 5.4: LEVEL OF SATISFACTION FOR HOUSING SERVICE 99 TABLE 5.4: COMMUNICATION CHANNELS 101 TABLE 5.5: THE CHI-SQUARE TEST 102 (xii) LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS SUPPLEMENT A: LETTER OF PERMISSION TO NXUBA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY TO CONDUCT RESEARCH.