Report No. 32789-BR Brazil Making Justice Count 32789-BR Justice No. Making Report Brazil Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank World Document of the Latin America and the Caribbean Region Reduction and Economic Management Unit Poverty December 30, 2004 in Brazil Performance Judicial Measuring and Improving Count Making Justice Brazil Report No. 32789-BR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report represents the work of a research team comprised of Linn Hammergren (World Bank Task Manager), Carlos Gregorio (Principal Investigator and Analyst) and a group of researchers from the Fundasgo Getulio Vargas-Sgo Paulo’s Law School, headed by Luciana Gross Cunha and including Alexandre dos Santos Cunha, Mariano Pedron MacBrio, Fl6via Scabin, and Marcel0 Issa. The FGV-SP contributed in the collection of data, did some additional analysis, and provided legal interpretations and related inputs. Ms Hammergren and Mr. Gregorio designed the investigation, drafted the final report, and are solely responsible for the conclusions and recommendations included in it. The research would not have been possible without the support and collaboration of a wide variety of institutions and individuals. We would first like to thank Vinod Thomas (Director, World Bank Brazil CMU) and Joaquim Von Amsberg (Lead Economist, Brazil CMU) for providing the funding and permission to do the research. We also acknowledge the input and advice provided by other World Bank staff Ernest0 May, Ronald Myers, Mark Thomas, Yasuhiko Matsuda, Bernice Van Bronkhurst, Luke Haggarty (peer reviewer), and Beth Anne Dabak (peer reviewer). Carlos Santiso (DFID, Peru) also receives our thanks for serving as an external reviewer. Obviously the work would not have advanced without the cooperation of the organizations surveyed. Here the list of those meriting recognition is extremely long and we can only mention the organization and its titular head, or as indicated the other principal contact. These include: the Supremo Tribunal Federal (Minister Ellen Gracie, Justice and Minister Mauricio Correa, ex-President); the Conselho de Justisa Federal (Minister Ari Pargendler, Coordenador-Geral da Justisa Federal and Neide Sordi, Secretaria de Pesquisa e Informasgo Juridica), the MinistCrio Pljblico da Unigo and Federal (Rodrigo Janot, Sub-Procurador MPU and Secretario-Geral, MPF), the Advogacia Geral da UnZo (Alvaro August0 Ribeiro Costa, AGU), theTribunal de Justiqa de Par6 (Maria de Nazareth Brabo de Souza, Presidente); the MinistCrio Pljblico de Pari (Francis0 Barbosa de Oliveira, Presidente); the Procuradoria Geral do Estado de Par6 (JosC Aloysio Cavalcante Campos, Procurador); the Tribunal Regional de Trabalho, Par6 (Luiz Albano MondonCa de Lima, Presidente); the Tribunal de JustiCa do Rio de Janeiro (Miguel Pach6, President); the MinistCrio Ptiblico do Rio de Janeiro (Antonio Vicente da Costa Junior, Procurador Geral); the Procuradoria Geral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Francisco Conte, Procurador Geral); the Tribunal Regional Federal, Region 2 (Valmir Martins Pesanha, Presidente); the Tribunal de Justisa do Estado de Sgo Paulo (Cesar Lacerda and JosC Raul de Almeida, asesores to the President); the Procuradoria Geral do Estado de SZo Paulo; the MinistCrio Pljblico do Estado de Sgo Paulo; the Tribunal Regional Federal of Region 4 (Vladimiro Passos de Freitas, President); the Tribunal de JustiCa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Osvaldo Stefanello, President); the MinistCrio P6blico do Rio Grande do Sul (Roberto Bandira Pereira, Procurador Geral); the Tribunal Regional Federal of the 5th Region (Margarida Cantarelli, President); the Tribunal de JustiCa do Estado do Pernambuco (Jose Antonio Macedo Malta, President); the MinistCrio Piiblico Federal, Procuradoria da Republica em Pernambuco (Wellingon Cabral Saravia, Procurador Federal); the MinistCrio Pdblico de Pernambuco (Charles Hamilton Santo do Lima, Secretaria Geral); the Tribunal Regional de Trabalho, 6th Region (Fernando Cabral de Andrade, Presidente); the Tribunal Regional de Trabalho, Region 8 (Fernando Cabral de Andrade, Presidente), the Producadoria Geral do Estado de CearB, (Wagner Barreira Filho, Procurador Geral); the MinistCrio Piiblico de CearB (Maria do PerpCtuo Socorro Franqa Pinto, Procurador-Geral); the Tribunal de Justiqa do Estado de CearB (JoBo de Deus Barros Bringal, President). In each of these entities we were attended by employees too numerous to list here, but we do thank them for their assistance. In addition to these institutional contacts, we were also aided by comments and recommendations provided by a vast number of individuals, including Sergio Renault (Secretario da Reforma Judiciaria, Ministry of Justice), Paul0 Oliveira (AMB), Joaquim FalcBo (FundacBo Getulio Vargas- RJ) , Marcos de Costa Silva (MinistCrio Piiblico Federal), Mario Lobaton Paiva (Private Attorney), Ronald Macedo (Procuradoria Geral de Justica, SBo Paulo); Ary Oswaldo Mattos Filho (FundacBo Getulio Vargas-SP), Armando Castelar Pinheiro (PEA), Renato SCrio de Lima (SEADE), and Matthew Taylor (Georgetown University). Although not directly involved in this project, our partners from the previous research, CEBEPEJ, its director Kazuo Watanabe, and collaborating researchers Maria Tereza Sadek, Caetano Lagrastra, and Paulo Eduardo Alves da Silva, deserve additional thanks for their earlier effort, and for the influence it and their many recommendations and corrections had on improving our current work. We stress that our gratitude to all these individuals does not extend to their responsibility for what we did with their contributions. The views, interpretations, and recommendations included here are solely those of the authors. LIST OF ACRONYMS AND KEY TERMS AGU Advogado Geral da UniBo - highest level government attorney for the Union AJUFES AssociaqBo dos Juizes Federais - peak interest organization for federal judges AMB AssociaqBo dos Magistrados do Brasil-peak judicial organization for state and labor judges (although the latter also have their own organization). Agravo de Instrumento -an appeal questioning the procedural rules followed. BNDPJ Banco Nacional de Dados do Poder Judiciirio - national level collection of judicial statistics maintained by the STF CARTA Request from the judge presiding in a case for assistance from a judge in another jurisdiction in PREC ATORIA carrying out a summons or related activity. CJF Conselho da Justiqa Federal - Council composed of Presidents of STJ and TRFs, and additional members of the former, which sets general policy for the federal courts CLASSE Class, in Brazil a term used to describe a functional interest group CORREGEDORIA Entity charged with overseeing performance and discipline of organizational members DESPACHO In the judicial sense, any single decision taken by a judge EXPRESSINHO Conciliation service set up by TJ of Rio de Janeiro to handle cases destined for the state Juizados Especiais originating in complaints against TELEMAR (phone Company) ICT Information and Communication Technology JUIZADO ESPECIAL Small claims court MPU Ministtrio P6blico da UniBo - peak organization for the national public ministries MPF Ministtrio P6blico Federal - national public ministry corresponding to the federal courts OAB Ordem de Advogados do Brad- peak interest association for private bar PEC Proposta de Emenda Constitucional - proposed constitutional amendment. Here used to denote the proposal, recently approved, for various reforms to the judicial system PENHORA Stage injudicial proceeding in which assets are seized or attached to guarantee their availability for payment of an award. Also may refer to the assets themselves PGE Procurador(ia) Geral do Estado - individual (and the organization he heads) providing legal services to a state government PGF Procurador(ia) Geral Federal - individual (and entity) coordinating litigation and other legal services for national government, except for those related to labor and military jurisdictions, which have their own Procuradorias PGR Procurador Geral da Rep6blica - head of MPU PREC AT~RIO Amount due by government agency in legal cases it has lost PROCURADOR(1A) Term used to refer to members of Public Ministries and government attorney organizations (and in the latter case, to the organizations themselves). Following the implementation of the constitutional reform package, members of state Public Ministries will be called promotores. PROMOTOR(1A) Title of members of state Public Ministries (and of internal sections) RECURS0 An appeal questioning the substance of a judgment EXTRAORDINARIO SINEJUS Sistema Nacional de Estatistica da Justiqa Federal) - data base incorporating statistics from federal courts and managed by the CJF STF Supremo Tribunal Federal - constitutional court STJ Superior Tribunal de Justiqa - highest level court for federal court system TABELA “Table” or chart. Here refers to classification systems established for data entry in courts’ (and others’) statistical systems. T~TULO Document resulting from a judgment and establishing right to collect a monetary award. SENTENCIAL TJ Tribunal de Justiqa - state superior court TRF Tribunal Regional Federal one of five second instance (appellate) courts in federal system, which also overseeing management of first instance courts TRT Tribunal Regional de Trabalho - one of 24 second instance (appellate) courts in Labor Jurisdiction, also overseeing management of first instance courts. TSE Tribunal Superior Eleitoral