UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Space in archaic Greek lyric: city, countryside and sea Heirman, J.G.M. Publication date 2012 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Heirman, J. G. M. (2012). Space in archaic Greek lyric: city, countryside and sea. Vossiuspers - Amsterdam University Press. http://nl.aup.nl/books/9789056297008-space-in- archaic-greek-lyric.html General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 AUP-Heirman Thesis:AUP/Voorbij 08-12-2011 14:00 Pagina 1 UvA Dissertation CountrysideandSea Space inArchaicGreekLyric: City, Space in Faculty of Humanities Archaic Greek Lyric: City, Countryside From the end of the twentieth century onwards space has become a ‘hot topic’ in literary studies. This thesis contributes to the spatial turn by focusing on space in archaic Greek lyric (7th–5th c bc). A theoretical framework inspired and Sea by narratology, phenomenology and metaphor theory is applied to archaic lyric poems in which city, countryside and sea are of importance. Heirman argues that space is predominantly symbolic: the city is a political or an erotic metaphor, the countryside an erotic symbol, and the sea a symbol of danger. He also attempts to connect the symbolism of space with the context jo heirman of the symposium, in which the lyric poems were performed: city metaphors are linked with sympotic plays of ‘guessing’, the erotic activities in the countryside reveal a projection of erotic fantasies of the symposiasts, and the danger at sea serves to reinforce the cohesion of the sympotic group. Jo Heirman Jo Heirman was educated at Ghent University (Belgium), where he obtained a Master’s Degree in Classics in 2008. In 2008 he was appointed as a PhD-researcher for a project of Irene de Jong on ‘Space in Ancient Greek Literature’ at the University of Amsterdam. He has written several articles on space which combine classics and literary theory. By the end of 2012 he will have edited a conference volume on the ideological role of space in ancient and modern literature with Jacqueline Klooster (The Ideologies of Lived Space in Literature: Ancient and Modern, Academia Press Ghent). 9 789056 297008 SPACE IN ARCHAIC GREEK LYRIC: CITY, COUNTRYSIDE AND SEA The publication is made possible by a grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Institute of Culture and History, University of Amsterdam (IC&G). Lay-out: Jo Heirman Cover design: René Staelenberg, Amsterdam ISBN 978 90 5629 700 8 e-ISBN 978 90 4851 638 4 (pdf) e-ISBN 978 90 4851 639 1 (ePub) NUR 617 / 635 © J. Heirman / Vossiuspers UvA – Amsterdam University Press, 2012 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. SPACE IN ARCHAIC GREEK LYRIC: CITY, COUNTRYSIDE AND SEA ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op donderdag 23 februari 2012, te 14:00 uur door Jo Gaby Marc Heirman geboren te Dendermonde, België Promotiecommissie Promotor: Prof. dr. I.J.F. de Jong Overige leden: Prof. dr. K. Demoen Prof. dr. A.P.M.H. Lardinois Prof. dr. H.A. van der Liet Dr. J.J.H. Klooster Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen SPACE IN ARCHAIC GREEK LYRIC: CITY, COUNTRYSIDE AND SEA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………….…7 TEXTS, TRANSLATIONS, ABBREVIATIONS…………………...11 INTRODUCING SPACE IN LYRIC………………………………...13 1. A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF SPACE ....................... 17 1.1. THE DICTION OF SPACE: ITS USE AND EFFECT ........ 17 1.2. THE ROLES OF SPACE ....................................................... 22 1.2.1. Space as Setting and Frame ......................................... 26 1.2.2. Space as Symbol ............................................................ 29 Symbolic Associations .............................................................. 29 Symbolic Form: Metaphor and Personification .................. 32 2. THE CITY ....................................................................................... 39 2.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 39 2.2. MYTHOLOGICAL CITIES AS SETTINGS AND FRAMES .................................................................................... 39 2.2.1. The ‘new Archilochus’ ................................................. 40 2.2.2. Ibycus’ Ode to Polycrates ............................................ 46 2.3. THE CITY AS PERSONIFICATION AND METAPHOR 55 2.3.1. City Personification: Theognis 39-52 and Solon 4 .... 55 2.3.2. City Metaphors ............................................................. 63 Politics as War: Theognis 233-234 and 235-236 ..................... 63 Love as War: Archilochus 23 and Theognis 949-954 ............ 67 2.4. CONCLUSION ...................................................................... 73 3. THE COUNTRYSIDE .................................................................. 75 3.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 75 3.2. THE COUNTRYSIDE AS SETTING ................................... 75 3.2.1. The Plain in the ‘new Archilochus’ and Bacchylides 13…………………………………………………. 80 3.2.2. The River ........................................................................ 81 3.2.3. The Shore ....................................................................... 83 3.3. THE COUNTRYSIDE AS EROTIC SYMBOL .................... 86 3.3.1. Fields (ἄρουραι) ............................................................ 86 5 Fields as Metaphors: Pindar Pythian 4 and 6, Theognis 581-582 ....................................................................... 86 Fields and Erotic Associations: Sappho 96, Anacreon 346<1> ........................................................................ 88 3.3.2. Gardens (κῆποι) ............................................................ 95 Gardens as Metaphors: Archilochus 196a, Pindar Olympian 9 ...................................................................... 96 Gardens and Erotic Associations: Ibycus 286 ........................ 96 3.3.3. Meadows (λειμῶνες) ................................................... 99 Anacreon 417 ............................................................................ 100 Archilochus 196a ...................................................................... 101 Theognis 1249-1252 ................................................................. 107 Sappho 2 .................................................................................... 109 3.4. CONCLUSION .................................................................... 112 4. THE SEA ....................................................................................... 115 4.1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 115 4.2. THE SEA AS SETTING AND FRAME IN MYTHOLOGICAL JOURNEYS ..................................................... 115 4.2.1. Pindar Pythian 4: The Argonauts’ Sea Journey ...... 116 4.2.2. Bacchylides 17: Theseus’ Sea Journey .................. 12424 4.3. SEA SIMILES ....................................................................... 136 4.3.1. Bacchylides 13 ............................................................. 137 4.3.2. Semonides 7 ................................................................. 141 4.4. THE SEA AS SYMBOL OF DANGER .............................. 146 4.4.1. During the Sea Journey .............................................. 146 4.4.2. Before and After the Sea Journey ............................. 166 4.5. CONCLUSION .................................................................... 173 5. CONCLUSION ............................................................................ 175 EPILOGUE: THE SYMBOLISM OF SPACE AND THE SYMPOSIUM………………………………………………………...177 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………….183 INDEX OF PASSAGES……………………………………………..217 SUMMARY…………………………………………………………...219 SAMENVATTING…………………………………………………..223 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis has not been the work of myself alone: many people have contributed to it and I wish to express my gratitude to them. The first person I wish to thank is my supervisor, Professor Irene de Jong, who made this thesis possible by obtaining NWO-funding for a research